Kwiminyaka yakutshanje, i-buzz malunga nokuzila ukutya, kwaye ngakumbi ukuzila ukutya okwethutyana, iye yanda kakhulu. Nangona ukulahleka kwesisindo kukukhanga okuphambili kwabaninzi, kukho enye inzuzo yokuzila ukutya eye yabangela umdla omkhulu. Abaphandi baye bafumanisa ukuba xa umzimba wakho uzila ukutya, ufumana inkqubo yokucoca iselula ebizwa ulusu, eziye zanxulunyaniswa nothintelo lwezifo kunye nokuphila ixesha elide.
Yintoni i-autophagy?
I-Autophagy lithuba lokuba iiseli zakho zikhuphe inkunkuma. Yinkqubo yendalo yokulungiswa kwamaselula kunye nokucoca. I-Autophagy ibuyisela umzimba wakho kwaye ikuvumela ukuba usebenze ngokufanelekileyo.
Cinga ngeeseli zakho njenge-oveni. Ngokuhamba kwexesha nanjengoko uneminyaka yobudala, iiseli ziqokelela iiproteni ezonakalisiweyo, amaqhekeza eeseli ezimhlophe zegazi, okanye i-enzymes kunye nezinye i-metabolites ezingasasebenzi kakuhle okanye ngokufanelekileyo, njengoko i-oven yakho iqokelela igrisi kunye negrime ekutyeni kwakho. Ukuba le "nkunkuma" ayipheliswa, iiseli zakho azisebenzi kakuhle okanye ngokufanelekileyo.
I-Autophagy ifana nomsebenzi wokuzicoca weeseli. Ilahla le nkunkuma, le nkunkuma idumbileyo, emele ichithe, kodwa igcinwe ikufutshane. Iiseli ke ziphinde zisetyenziswe kwakhona kwizixhobo zokubasa kunye neebhloko zokwakha zamalungu eseli amatsha, ngokwenqaku likaJanuwari 2012 kwi-Experimental & Molecular Medicine.
Ziziphi iingenelo ze-autophagy?
Ngokwenqaku kwi-Experimental and Molecular Medicine ekhankanywe ngasentla, i-autophagy iyimfuneko ukuze iiseli zethu ziphile. Inika izondlo kunye nezixhobo zokukhula kweeseli kunye nophuhliso, kwaye iphula iiprotheni kunye nezinye izinto ezonakalisiweyo ezinokukhokelela kwizifo kunye nezinye iziphumo ezibi zokuguga.
Nangona kunjalo, uphando kwiinzuzo zezempilo ze-autophagy lusekwinqanaba lokuqala. Uninzi lwezifundo zenziwe kwiiseli ezifana negwele kunye nezilwanyana, kwaye akucaci ukuba iziphumo ziguqulela ngokuthe ngqo ebantwini.
Ukongezelela, akukho ndlela echanekileyo yokulinganisa i-autophagy ebantwini, ngokutsho kokuhlaziywa kwe-Agasti 2017 epapashwe kwi-International Journal ye-Molecular Sciences. Kwaye, ngokutsho kwababhali bophononongo lukaJanuwari 2015 olupapashwe kwi-Journal of Clinical Investigation (JCI), akusoloko kucaca ukuba iziphumo zihambelana ngqo ne-autophagy okanye enye into.
Sekunjalo, abaphandi bachonge ezinye izibonelelo ezithembisayo ze-autophagy:
ukwanda kobomi obude
Ngokususa izinto eziqokelelweyo kunye nezonakeleyo zeselula, i-autophagy inokukhokelela ekunciphiseni kwezifo ezinxulumene neminyaka kunye nokwanda kwexesha elide. Ngokutsho kophononongo lwe-JCI, i-autophagy ibe negalelo kubomi obude kwiiseli, izilwanyana kunye nabantu.
Umngcipheko ophantsi womhlaza
Uphononongo lukaMeyi ka-2018 olupapashwe kwi-Biomedicine kunye ne-Pharmacotherapy lufumanise ukuba i-autophagy inokucinezela umhlaza. Ngapha koko, xa iijini ezilawula i-autophagy ziguqulwa, kukho amazinga aphezulu omhlaza.
Kungenxa yokuba i-autophagy ilahla iiseli ezigulayo ezinokuthi zibe ngumhlaza. Nangona kunjalo, ababhali baqaphela ukuba kukho amaxesha apho i-autophagy ikhusela iiseli zomhlaza kwaye ibancede bakhule.
Elinye iphepha, elapapashwa ngoNovemba ka-2018 kwiiklinikhi, lafumanisa ukuba i-autophagy eyenziwe ngokukhawuleza inokwenza unyango lomhlaza lusebenze ngakumbi.
Ukwandiswa kokuphendula komzimba
Ukongeza kokulahla izinto ezingafunekiyo zeselula, i-autophagy inokuphelisa ibhaktheriya, iintsholongwane, kunye nezinye iintsholongwane ezinokubangela izifo, ngokutsho kophononongo lukaJuni 2015 olupapashwe kwiJournal ye-Experimental Medicine. Kwakhona kunceda ukugcina impendulo yokuvuvukala komzimba phantsi kolawulo.
Umngcipheko ophantsi wesifo se-neurodeergenerative
Ababhali bophononongo lwangaphambili lwe-2015 baphinde bafumanisa ukuba i-autophagy idlala indima ekukhuseleni kwisifo se-neurodeergenerative ngokususa iiprotheni ezinxulumene neemeko ezifana ne-Alzheimer's, Huntington's, kunye nezifo ze-Parkinson.
Ulawulo olungcono lweswekile yegazi
Ngokutsho kwababhali be-Biomedicine kunye nophononongo lwe-Pharmacotherapy, uphando kwiimpuku lubonisa ukuba i-autophagy iyanciphisa ukutyeba kunye nokumelana ne-insulin ngokususa uxinzelelo lwe-oxidative kunye ne-mitochondria eyonakele.
Uphononongo lukaMatshi ngo-2013 lwabasetyhini olupapashwe kwiBritish Journal of Nutrition lufumene ukuba ukuzila ukutya okukhawulezileyo kukhokelele ekwandeni kobuntununtunu kwi-insulin. Amanqanaba aphezulu e-insulin ayaziwa ukuba anxulunyaniswa neemeko ze-metabolic ezifana nesifo seswekile, isifo se-vascular, kunye namanqanaba aphezulu okuvuvukala.
Kutheni ukuzila ukutya kubangela i-autophagy?
I-Autophagy yindlela umzimba ophendula ngayo kwaye ulungelelanise uxinzelelo. Ngokophononongo lukaNovemba ka-2018 olupapashwe kuPhononongo loPhando lokuguga, ukuzila ukutya yenye yezona ndlela zinamandla zokuvuselela i-autophagy emzimbeni.
Kwimeko enamandla, iiseli akufuneki zisebenze ngokufanelekileyo, ngoko ke azicoci ngokwazo. Xa ucinezela inkqubo ngendlela efanelekileyo, njengokuzila ukutya, ngequbuliso iseli ivakalelwa ngathi ayinayo itoni yezondlo kwaye ayifanele ichithe into enayo.
Kodwa i-autophagy idinga umjikelo wokuphuma. Ukucoca kakhulu okanye ukucocwa kweeseli kunokubangela iingxaki.
Nangona kunjalo, kumntu oqhelekileyo, kuyinto eqhelekileyo ukuba asiniki imizimba yethu ithuba lokuzila ukutya ngenxa yokuba sidla rhoqo, nto leyo enokulayisha ngaphezulu iinkqubo zethu. Ngenxa yoko, uyawaphepha amathuba okusebenzisa le nkqubo enenzuzo.
Ngokukodwa ukutya okukhawulezileyo, xa nikuthintele ukutya ngamaxesha athile osuku okanye iintsuku ezithile zeveki, Yindlela yokuvumela umzimba wakho ukuba ujikeleze rhoqo ngexesha lokutya kunye nokuzila ukutya.. Oku kubangela impendulo yehomoni emzimbeni oqhuba impendulo yoxinzelelo lweseli, ukhuselo lomzimba, kunye nokusebenza kwe-mitochondrial (umthombo wamandla weseli) ukongeza kumjikelo wokuzicoca, ngokutsho kwenqaku likaDisemba ka-2019 elipapashwe kwiNew England Journal of Medicine. (NEJM).
Ubuqhetseba kukuba umzimba wakho kufuneka utshintshe ukutshintshwa kwe-metabolism kwi-glucose evuthayo (i-aka iswekile) kwi-fuel ukusebenzisa i-fatty acids kunye nemizimba ye-ketone yamandla, ngokutsho kwababhali benqaku le-NEJM. Oku kungathatha phakathi kwe-10 kunye ne-14 iiyure zokuzila ukutya.
Ngaba kufuneka uzame ukuzila ukutya okwethutyana ukuze wenze i-autophagy?
Zininzi izibonelelo zokuzila ukutya okwethutyana ngaphandle kwe-autophagy. Kwaye ilula kakhulu ukulandela. Kuyacetyiswa ukuba uzile ukutya phakathi kwe-16 kunye ne-18 iiyure ngosuku ukuze ufumane izibonelelo. Nangona kunjalo, ukuzila ukutya okungaphezulu kweeyure ezingama-24 kunokuqala ukugqithisa umzimba.
Tsiba isidlo sakusasa. Yiba nesidlo sasemini kunye nesidlo sakusihlwa, kwaye unokuba nobomi bentlalontle. Ngaphezu koko, ukuzila ukutya okwethutyana nako isebenza kakuhle nayiphi na ingcamango yezondlo, nokuba yi-paleo, i-ketogenic, okanye i-gluten-free diet.
Kodwa akufuneki ube ngqongqo malunga neshedyuli yakho yokuzila ukutya, ngakumbi ukuba uzama ukuzila ukutya okuhlala ixesha elide kunye nezizathu zokuthintela izifo. Ukule nto ixesha elide, ngoko musa ukuxinezeleka kuba uxinzelelo alubi kubomi obude. Zama nje ukuhambelana. Nokuba uzila ukutya kabini ngeveki, kuya kuba luncedo xa uthelekisa nokungazili konke konke.
Nangona kunjalo, ukuba unayo iswekile okanye ezinye iingxaki zeswekile yegazi, ukhulelwe okanye uncancisa, bangaphantsi kobunzima bomzimba, okanye banesifo esinganyangekiyo esinjengemithambo, izintso, okanye isifo sesibindi, kusenokuba kuhle ukuphepha ukuzila ukutya. Soloko udibana nengcali.