Umbala oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka ngowona mbala udumileyo kwihlabathi, kodwa i-hue ayifane yenzeke kwindalo, ngoko ke abavelisi kuye kwafuneka babhenele kwiidayi ezenziweyo kunye neekhemikhali ukwenza ukutya okuluhlaza. Oku kungatshintsha kwakamsinya, kuba ngoku kufunyenwe ibala eliluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka kwikhaphetshu ebomvu.
Izazinzulu zeMars Candy Corporation zafumana umkhondo we anthocyanin, i-pigment enika ukutya okubomvu, omfusa, oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka nomnyama umbala wako, obhalwe ngekhowudi eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka. Baye bakwazi ukunyusa loo mali ngokunyanga i-anthocyanins enombala obomvu kwikhaphetshu nge-enzayimu yomyili eyajika yaba luhlaza okwesibhakabhaka.
Kwi-2016, i-Mars Wrigley ibhengeze ukuba iyakuyeka ngokupheleleyo ukusebenzisa imibala eyenziweyo kwiimveliso zayo zokutya ngo-2021. Kodwa abaphandi bale nkampani baye bafuna i-pigment yendalo "eblue" kwiimveliso ezifana M&Ms kunye neeSkittles ngaphezu kweminyaka elishumi ngempumelelo elinganiselweyo.
Kutheni ikhaphetshu inika umbala ozuba?
Ukuyivavanya, umphandi wasebenzisa iblue yakhe entsha ukwenza i-ayisikrimu enombala we-cyan kunye nezinye iimveliso, ezithi bagcina umbala wabo ubuncinane inyanga.
Imibala eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka eneneni inqabile kwindalo. Uninzi lwazo lubomvu kwaye lumfusa. Oku kungenxa yokuba uthotho lwezakhiwo ezintsonkothileyo zemolekyuli ziyafuneka ukufunxa amaza okukhanya achanekileyo ukunika into imbonakalo eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, ngokutsho Scientist New.
La ikhaphetshu ebomvu Isetyenziswa kakhulu njengombala wokutya wendalo, ngakumbi ekudaleni iibomvu ezibomvu kunye neemfusa. Kodwa inani le-pigment eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka kwimifuno lincinci kakhulu ukwenza umbala wokutya osebenzayo. I-anthocyanin eyona nto ilawula kakhulu kwiklabishi ebomvu, ngokungathandabuzekiyo, ibomvu. Abaphandi baqaphela ukuba ukuba banokusebenzisa i-enzyme ukuguqula i-anthocyanin ebomvu ibe luhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, baya kuba nomsebenzi omningi.
Kodwa ukufumana indibaniselwano eyiyo yeeproteni ukuyila loo enzyme yayingengomsebenzi ulula. Ngokusebenzisa iindlela zokubala, iqela laskena"inani elikhulu lolandelelwano lweprotheyini enokubakho, i-10 ukuya kumandla angama-20, [okanye] ngaphezu kwenani leenkwenkwezi ezikwindalo iphela", ukuphuhlisa i-enzyme efanelekileyo.
Iziphumo ngu luhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, ngokwengxelo epapashwe ngo-Epreli 7 kwiphephancwadi i-Science Advances, ukuba inokusetyenziswa njengendlela esebenzayo kwimibala yokutya eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka.
Bavavanya umbala wayo ngokwenza i-ayisikrimu eluhlaza, iiperile eziqatywe ilekese, kunye ne-icing yedonut. Zonke iimveliso zigcine umbala wazo odlamkileyo kangangeentsuku ezingama-30, ngokwengxelo, engakhange ibonise indlela ezingcamla ngayo.
Okunye ukutya okukwanePigment Blue
Nangona ingekavunywa yi-FDA, i-anthocyanin kwikhaphetshu yenye indlela yendalo kwimibala eyenziweyo kunye nesisombululo kumngeni wedayi eluhlaza esele ijongene neshishini lokutya ixesha elide. Ngokuxhomekeke kumanqanaba e-pH, i-anthocyanins inokuvela bomvu, mfusa, luhlaza okanye mnyama. Zininzi ngokutya okunje iitsheri, ierranberries, iidiliya, Iimbotyi abamnyama kunye ngqolowa luhlaza.
Eyona dayi iqhelekileyo eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka yiBrilliant Blue FCF, ekwabizwa ngokuba yiBlue Number 1. Isetyenziswa kwiziselo ezithambileyo, iilekese zomqhaphu, i-ayisikrimu, iisiriyeli, kunye ne-Blue Curaçao liqueur, kunye nakwiindidi zeesepha, iishampu, kunye nezinto zokuthambisa. Umthunzi ochanekileyo ohlaza okwesibhakabhaka nawo ubalulekile ekudaleni eminye imibala; ukuba ayilunganga, uya kuphelela ngodaka olumdaka endaweni eluhlaza okanye emfusa.
Ngokutsho kwe-FDA, iBrilliant Blue FCF ayinabungozi emzimbeni, kodwa kuba yenziwe kwiimveliso ezithathwe kwi petroleumAyinabuhlobo ncam kokusingqongileyo, nayo. Yaye into engafunxwanga ngumzimba ngokungenakuphepheka ibuyela emhlabeni nakumanzi amdaka.
Kunyaka ophelileyo, izazinzulu zaseCambridge zafumanisa isityalo esinobuchule bokuvelisa blue obufana nobo busetyenziswa ziintaka, ooqongqothwane kunye namabhabhathane. iviburnum ithina, isihlahla esiqhelekileyo saseYurophu esihlala siluhlaza, sisebenzisa amafutha akwiindonga zeeseli zaso ukuze isiqhamo saso sibe luhlaza okwesibhakabhaka.
Imibala emininzi kwindalo ibangelwa yi-pigments, kodwa eminye eqaqambileyo, efana neentsiba zepikoko, amaphiko ebhabhathane, kunye ne-opals, zivela ekubunjweni kwangaphakathi. Oku kwaziwa ngokuba umbala Ulwakhiwo nendlela ezakhiwe ngayo imisela ukuba yeyiphi imibala ezinokuyibonakalisa.