Kwiminyaka emininzi edlulileyo Umbutho WezeMpilo Wehlabathi (I-WHO) ichaze indlela yokuphila yokuhlala kunye nokusebenza ngokomzimba njengobhubhani wehlabathi jikelele kunye nemiphumo emibi kwimpilo kunye noqoqosho lweplanethi yonke. Nangona ngethamsanqa, kukho ukwanda kokuqonda malunga nemikhwa enempilo yokuphila kunye nemidlalo, uninzi lwabantu lususwa ngokupheleleyo kwiinjongo ezibekwe ngumbutho.
namhlanje ipapashiwe Uphononongo kwijenali yeLancet Global Health, apho iqela labaphandi be-WHO liqinisekisa ukuba abantu abangaphezu kwe-1.400 yezigidi (i-27% yabantu abadala behlabathi) abazange benze umthambo owaneleyo womzimba ngexesha le-7.
Bobabini amadoda nabasetyhini abazange bafikelele kumanqanaba acetyiswayo okusebenza komzimba ukuze babe sempilweni. Ngaba uyazi ukuba kuthetha ukuthini ukuziqhelanisa? ubuncinane imizuzu ye-150 yomsebenzi ophakathi okanye imizuzu engama-75 yomsebenzi onamandla ngeveki.
Izibonelelo zomsebenzi womzimba kwimpilo zininzi: zinciphisa umngcipheko wesifo senhliziyo, zineziphumo ezilungileyo kwimpilo yengqondo, zilibazisa ukuqala kokuphazamiseka kwengqondo, kwaye kusinceda sigcine ubunzima obunempilo.
Imimandla enezinga eliphezulu lokuzilolonga yayiyiLatin America kunye neCaribbean (43,7%), iSouth Asia (43,0%), kunye namazwe aseNtshona anengeniso ephezulu (42,3%) yabasetyhini; ngokuchaseneyo, awona manqanaba asezantsi emadodeni enzeka e-Oceania (12,3%), eMpuma naseMzantsi-mpuma Asia (17,6%), nakwi-Sub-Saharan Africa (17,9%).
Amazwe atyebileyo aya esiba angenzi nto
Ukongeza, idatha yophononongo ibonisa ukuba akukho nkqubela phambili ekuphuculeni amanqanaba ehlabathi okusebenza ngokomzimba phakathi kwe-2001 kunye ne-2016 kwaye amazwe aseNtshona anengeniso ephezulu ahlala ehlala phantsi, kwaye izinga lokungasebenzi komzimba elingaphezu kokuphindwe kabini kunamazwe anengeniso ephantsi (37% vs. 16%).
Uphononongo lubonisa ukuba akukho phuculo kumanqanaba apheleleyo okusebenza ngokomzimba phakathi kwe-2001 kunye ne-2016, kunye namazwe aseNtshona anemivuzo ephezulu abe ngawona ahlala phantsi.
I-Asiya ibalasele kuphuculo olubonakalayo kwiminyaka yakutshanje, ukusuka 26% ukungasebenzi emzimbeni ngo 2001 ukuya 17% ngo 2016. Oku kungenxa yenkqubela phambili eyenziwe e-China, apho ukungasebenzi liye lehla ukuya 14%, into emangalisayo kakhulu xa kuthelekiswa namazwe afana neJamani edlula 40%.
amadoda vs abafazi
Abaphandi baqonda ukuba kukho a umahluko omkhulu wesini kwaye ibonwa kuwo onke amazwe, ngakumbi kwiindawo ezifana Bhangladeshi, apho i-40% yecandelo labasetyhini lingasebenzisi ngokwaneleyo.
UMelody Ding, umphandi kwiYunivesithi yaseSydney, uhamba nale vidiyo kunye neleta esayiniweyo apho eqinisekisa ukuba ezi datha zibangelwa kukuba abasetyhini bajongana nemiqobo eyongezelelekileyo yentlalo, yenkcubeko kunye neyokusingqongileyo kwimithambo yomzimba.
Ikhwelo lokudalwa kwamathuba akhuselekileyo namkelekileyo ngokwenkcubeko axhobisa abasetyhini ukuba bathathe inxaxheba kuwo nawuphi na umsebenzi.
I-WHO ilumkisa ngokuhla komsebenzi womzimba
🏃🏼♀️Ngakumbi #umthambo yenza imodeli yokuphila esebenzayo, eluncedo kuwe #uxolo
🏊🏼 Ziqhelise 60 min. usuku olunomsebenzi ophakathi kunye namandla
🤸🏼♂️Yehlisa ixesha lokungalali
Iingcebiso ezingakumbi 👉🏼https://t.co/vthy6IZDtK pic.twitter.com/WjnsDEAhCB— The Moncloa (@desdelamoncloa) Septemba 5, 2018
Sinjani eSpain?
Ngethamsanqa okanye ngelishwa, iSpain inemeko efanayo kwihlabathi liphela. Ikota yabemi (i-23% yamadoda kunye ne-30% yabasetyhini) akaqheliseli umthambo ocetyiswayo. Kodwa kwinto enokwenzeka, sinedatha entle ngakumbi kunamanye amazwe e-European Union. IPortugal ine-43%, iJamani i-42%, i-Italiya i-41%, i-United Kingdom i-36% kunye ne-France i-29%.
Ayikokokuqala ngqa ukuba sibizwe kwingqalelo yethu malunga nendlela yokuphila yokuhlala phantsi kwabantu baseSpain. Kwi uPhando lwezeMpilo lweSizwe lwamva nje yafumanisa ukuba i-35% yabantu inezinga eliphantsi lokuzilolonga kwaye i-54% yayinzima kakhulu.