Ukuvavanyelwa i-COVID-19 kunokuba lelona nyathelo libalulekileyo esinokulithatha njengoluntu ukucothisa ukusasazeka kwe-SARS-CoV-2, intsholongwane ebangela i-coronavirus.
Uvavanyo lubalulekile ukuze sibe nemilinganiselo yempilo yoluntu ukuthintela abantu ekubeni bosuleleke kwasekuqaleni. Inani elikhulu labantu abane-COVID-19 abanayo i-asymptomatic ngeli xesha. Kufuneka sikwazi ukuchonga abo bantu kwaye sibe namanyathelo okubathintela ukuba bangosuleli abanye, ngakumbi kuba kungekho zitofu zokugonya.
Zi-6 iimeko apho kufuneka wenze uvavanyo lwe-COVID-19
uneempawu
Abantu abaneempawu ze-coronavirus entsha yeyona nto iphambili kuvavanyo.
Qhagamshelana nogqirha wakho phambi kokuba uthathe uvavanyo ukuba uyakrokrela ukuba une-COVID-19. Ukuba iimpawu zakho zincinci, ugqirha wakho unokukucela ukuba ulinde. Kwaye ukuba uye wavavanywa, kuya kufuneka uthathele ingqalelo eyongezelelweyo ukunqanda ukusasaza usulelo.
Kodwa ukuba nophawu ayikuphela kwesizathu sokuvavanyelwa i-coronavirus. Ukuba uhlala kwindawo apho uvavanyo lufumanekayo, nanga amanye amaxesha xa kufanelekile, nokuba kuyimfuneko, ukuba uvavanywe.
Uye wadibana ngqo nomntu onentsholongwane okanye oneempawu
Ukuba siyazi nantoni na ngeli xesha, kukuba i-SARS-CoV-2 ihamba ngesantya esigqithisileyo kunye nokusebenza kakuhle.
Ngokuqinisekileyo le yeyona ndlela ibalulekileyo. Ukuba ukhe wanxibelelana nomntu oye wavavanywa eneneni, ngokuqinisekileyo, ngokupheleleyo, ewe, kuya kufuneka ujonge ukuvavanywa.
Kuyafana ke naxa umntu eneempawu kodwa engakhange avavanywe.
Oku kunokubaluleka ngakumbi njengoko ziya zisanda iindawo zokusebenza. Kwaye ukuba uvavanyo luninzi, unokucinga ngokuvavanyelwa isidanga sesibini, oko kukuthi, ukuba uye wadibana nomntu oye wadibana nomnye umntu oye wavavanywa ukuba unayo okanye oneempawu.
Musa ukuvavanya ngokukhawuleza
Ukuba uthatha uvavanyo kwakamsinyane emva kokuba ucinga ukuba usesichengeni se-COVID-19, usenokufumana iziphumo ezingezizo ezingalunganga. Oko kukuthi, iziphumo zovavanyo ziya kuba zingenayo, xa ngokwenene unayo intsholongwane. Amathuba okuba ne-negative yobuxoki aphezulu ngokusondeleyo kumhla wosulelo.
Kubantu abaninzi, umthamo wentsholongwane egazini uyenyuka phakathi kwesizathu phakathi iintsuku ezintathu kunye ezintlanu emva kokosuleleka.
Usebenza kwi-professional esemngciphekweni omkhulu
Oku kunokubandakanya unyango okanye ikhaya labalupheleyo.
Ukuba usebenza kwimeko apho unoqhagamshelwano oluphezulu nezigulana ezigulayo, kukwabalulekile ukuba uvavanywe rhoqo. Abantu abasebenza kukhathalelo lwempilo bajongwa njengento ephambili kakhulu kuba badibana nabantu abasesichengeni.
Ufuna ukubona ilungu losapho elisemngciphekweni omkhulu okanye umhlobo
Oku kunokuthetha nabani na oneminyaka engama-65 nangaphezulu, kunye nabantu abaneemeko zempilo eziphantsi njengesifo sentliziyo kunye nesifo seswekile, kunye nezifo ezenza buthathaka amajoni abo omzimba, njenge lupus.
Ukuba bosulelekile, kunokubangela ukuba usulelo luphume kulawulo. Kufuneka uphinde uvavanywe ukuba ungumkhathaleli womntu osemngciphekweni omkhulu.
Kuba iimvavanyo zichanekile, kufuneka ubeke iliso kwiimpawu kunye neempawu. Iimpawu zivela malunga neentsuku ezintlanu emva kokuba sesichengeni sentsholongwane, kwaye uninzi lwezigulana zibona iimpawu ngaphakathi kweentsuku ezili-12, ngokutsho kwenqaku likaJulayi 2020 kwiJenali yeAmerican Medical Association (JAMA).
ubuphakathi kwesihlwele
Ngokufanelekileyo, akufanele ube kulo naluphi na uhlobo lwesihlwele esikhulu okanye indibano. Kubaluleke kakhulu ukuba ungabikho kwisihlwele ngeli xesha. Kodwa, ukuba unesizathu esithile, zivavanye ukuba unako. Oku akukhathaliseki nokuba wazi nabani na kwiqela lakho ophuhlisa i-COVID-19.
Mhlawumbi awubazi bonke abantu abakweso sihlwele kwaye akuzazi ukuba zeziphi izenzo zabo. Ukuya kuthi ga kwisiqingatha salo lonke usulelo lunokuthi lube ngabantu abangenazo iimpawu, ngokutsho kophononongo lukaJuni 2020 olupapashwe kwiiNkqubo zeNational Academy of Sciences.
Unotyando olucwangcisiweyo okanye inkqubo yonyango
Ngokwenyani, oku kunokuba kuphuma ezandleni zakho. Uninzi lwezixhobo kwezi ntsuku zicebisa uvavanyo lwe-coronavirus phambi kwenkqubo okanye utyando. Emva kokuba unesiphumo esibi, ungangena. I-Anesthesia Patient Safety Foundation icebisa ukuba zonke izigulana zivavanyelwe i-SARS-CoV-2 phambi kotyando olungelulo olungxamisekileyo.
Yintoni omawuyenze ngelixa usalinde iziphumo zovavanyo?
indawo yokuhlala ekhaya. Ezinye iziphumo zovavanyo ziya kufumaneka kwiiyure ezingama-48, kodwa uninzi luthatha ixesha elide.
ngelixa ulindile, kufuneka ube wedwa kwaye uzivalele. Kananjalo akufanele undwendwele abantu abasemngciphekweni omkhulu, nokuba kukuzisa ukutya nje. Kwaye ngokuqinisekileyo kuthetha ukuphepha izihlwele.
Uvavanyo lulungile kuphela njengokuziphatha kwakho. Ukuba uvavanyiwe namhlanje kwaye usaphuma ngaphandle unganxibanga imaski, ungena kwiindawo ezisemngciphekweni omkhulu, usemngciphekweni wokosuleleka emva koko. Ke ngoko, iziphumo aziyi kuba luphawu lwemeko yakho yangoku.
Zeziphi iintlobo zovavanyo lwe-COVID-19 ezikhoyo?
Umgangatho wegolide wokufumanisa usulelo olunokubakho lwe-COVID-19 luvavanyo lwe-reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (PCR).
Las Iimvavanyo zePCR ziyahluka kancinci, kodwa zonke zibandakanya i-nasopharyngeal swabs, oku kuthetha ukufumana isampuli ukusuka kwindawo ngaphakathi kwempumlo kunye nomva womqala. Abanye baqokelela iisampulu ngaphakathi empumlweni. Ikwayeyona nto ingakhululekiyo njengoko i-swab yenza idiphu enzulu. Ngethamsanqa, ithatha nje imizuzwana embalwa.
I-"mid-turbinal swab" ayingeni kude, kodwa isenokungachaneki kangako. Kukwakho novavanyo olutsha lwe-antigen ukufumanisa i-COVID-19. Iimvavanyo zijonga iiproteni kumphezulu wentsholongwane, kodwa olu vavanyo lwe-antigen alusetyenziswa kakhulu.
Iziphumo zovavanyo zilungile kuphela njengesampulu
Ukuqokelelwa kweesampulu ngundoqo ekwenzeni uvavanyo ukuba nje ugqirha wakho uqeqeshwe ngokufanelekileyo. Iisayithi ezininzi zovavanyo zifuna ukuba uthathe eyakho isampuli, enokuthi iffy noko.
Mhlawumbi awuzukufumana smear enzulu. Kukwanjalo nakwiikiti zovavanyo lwasekhaya. Zonke iisampulu ziya elebhu ukufumana iziphumo. Kukho iimvavanyo zeziphumo ezikhawulezayo ezivunyiweyo, kodwa azifumaneki ngokubanzi kwaye akucaci ukuba zichane kangakanani na.
Kuthekani ngovavanyo lwe-antibody?
Uvavanyo lwe-antibody lwahlukile kwiimvavanyo zokuxilonga ze-PCR ze-SARS-CoV-2, kwaye azisetyenziselwa ukufumanisa i-COVID-19.
Ii-antibodies zenziwa xa umzimba wakho uphakamisa impendulo ye-antibody kusulelo. Oko kuthetha ukuba uvavanyo lwe-antibody lukuxelela ukuba ngaba ubunayo i-COVID-19 kwixesha elidlulileyo, kodwa hayi ukuba unosulelo lwangoku. Amajoni omzimba angathatha iveki enye ukuya kwezintathu ukukhula emva kokuba wosulelekile.