Nangona sele sibubulisa ubusika, utshintsho lwamaqondo obushushu luqala ukuthatha umthwalo wabo kwingqele kunye nomkhuhlane. Uninzi lwethu luthatha amanyathelo okhuseleko (kunye nengqiqo), njengokuhlamba izandla kunye nokunqanda ukunxibelelana nabantu abosulelekileyo. Nangona kunjalo, kunzima ukuba ngokuvezwa kwiintsholongwane ezibandayo kunye nomkhuhlane siyakwazi ukunqanda ukugula nge-100%.
Ukuzinyanga akukaze kube yinto efanelekileyo, yingakho abanye abantu bephendukela kumayeza endalo ukukhusela okanye ukunciphisa ixesha lokubanda. Iintsholongwane zikho kuyo yonke indawo (umsebenzi, isikolo, izithuthi zikawonke-wonke), ngoko ke kunzima ukukuphepha ukosuleleka. Naliphi na ilungu losapho linokukosulela.
Ixesha elibandayo kunye nomkhuhlane liqala ngoDisemba ukuya kutsho ngoMeyi. Ukuba wenza ikhontrakthi nokuba yeyiphi na, akukho mfuneko yokubhenela kumayeza angaphaya kwekhawuntara ukukhusela impumlo exineneyo, umqala obuhlungu, ukukhohlela, okanye umkhuhlane. Ngezantsi sityhila yonke into ekufuneka uyazi malunga nezifo zombini.
Sazi njani ukuba ngumkhuhlane okanye ngumkhuhlane?
Kukho ubalo lwehlabathi oluqikelela ukuba umntu ngamnye okhulileyo unokuba neengqele ezi-2 okanye ezi-3 ngonyaka, ngoxa ebantwaneni inani linyuka liye kutsho kwemi-6. Kuyinyani ukuba zombini ezi zifo ziyafana kwaye azikho mnandi, kodwa kukho umahluko phakathi kwengqele kunye nomkhuhlane.
El kuyabanda Lusulelo olubukhali, oluzithinteleyo lwentsholongwane lwentsholongwane yendlela yokuphefumula ephezulu. Inokubangelwa ngaphezulu kwe-200 yeentsholongwane ezahlukeneyo, kunye ne-coronavirus kunye ne-rhinovirus eyona nto ibangela ukwanda. Ngenxa yokuba zininzi iintsholongwane, umzimba unobunzima bokudala ukuxhathisa kuzo. Enyanisweni, akukabikho “nyango” lomkhuhlane oqhelekileyo. Oku kusasazwa ngokudibana nomntu owosulelekileyo, xa sibamba into engcoliswe kukuphatha okanye ngokuthimla okanye ukukhohlela.
Endaweni yoko umkhuhlane lusulelo lwentsholongwane yokuphefumla olubangela ukugula okuphakathi ukuya kokubi. Zine iindidi zeentsholongwane zomkhuhlane: A, B, C, no-D. Abantu bachaphazeleka ngokuyintloko ziintsholongwane zomkhuhlane A no-B; banoxanduva lwezifo zomkhuhlane rhoqo ebusika. I-Type C ibangela isifo sokuphefumla esingephi kwaye uhlobo D losulela iinkomo, ngoko ke ezi zimbini kufuneka zingasikhathazi.
Njengakwimikhuhlane, umkhuhlane usasazwa ngamasuntswana omoya asuleleke yile ntsholongwane xa abantu bethetha, bekhohlela, okanye bathimla. Umntu akanakufane osulelwe kukubamba indawo enentsholongwane.
Ngaba izitofu zokugonya ziluncedo kuyo nantoni na?
Isitofu sokugonya somkhuhlane siyafumaneka kwiiklinikhi nakwiikhemesti, nangona kuphela icandelo labemi elicetyiswayo ukuba lisifumane (simahla). Eyona nto imangalisayo kukuba uphando lwakutsha nje bonisa ukuba kubonakala ngathi ayisebenzi ngendlela esicinga ngayo. Mhlawumbi isitofu sokugonya sinokuba neziphumo ezibi esingazaziyo.
Isitofu sokugonya somkhuhlane, esisebenza ngokwenene ngexesha elinye lonyaka, sinokonyusa umngcipheko wokuba nomkhuhlane kamva. Oku kungenxa yenkqubo ebizwa ngokuba 'yi-antibody-dependent enhancement', kwaye kwenzeka xa ii-virus-antibody complexes ziqhelana neeseli, ngesiqhelo emva kokuba umntu egonyiwe. Ukongeza, ukufumana isitofu somkhuhlane kunokunciphisa ukusebenza kogonyo olulandelayo kwaye kwandise ithuba lokuba wosulele abanye.
Ukusebenza kwesitofu sokugonya kusekwingxoxo epheleleyo. Inzululwazi iye yaphawula inye kuphela isiphumo esithobekileyo yesitofu sokugonya ekunciphiseni iimpawu zomkhuhlane ebantwaneni, abantu abadala nakubantu abadala.
Nangona kuninzi lwethu umkhuhlane uyingxaki yokwexeshana, kukho amacandelo athile abantu abasengozini enkulu yempilo. Abanye babo ngaba: abasebenzi bezempilo abanxibelelana ngokuthe ngqo nezigulana, abanesifo sombefu, abantu abanenkqubo yomzimba yokuzikhusela ebuthathaka kunye nabantu abadala.
Kuthekani ngamayeza okubanda kunye nomkhuhlane?
Ngaba sixhomekeke kumayeza xa sibona iimpawu ezithile? Ndingathanda ukuthi ewe. Ngokukhawuleza ukuba sineempawu zokuqala zomkhuhlane okanye umkhuhlane, sivame ukuya kwikhemesti kwezinye ii-decongestants, anti-inflammatory okanye antihistamines. Nangona kunjalo, Inzululwazi iqinisekisa ukuba la machiza awenzi nto ukunciphisa ixesha lesi sifo okanye ukuthintela ukuqala kwaso. Ngokulula cinezela iimpawu.
Ngaba amayeza okubulala iintsholongwane ayanceda?
Kusekho oogqirha abamisela amayeza okubulala iintsholongwane kubantu abanomkhuhlane okanye umkhuhlane. Amayeza okubulala iintsholongwane abonakaliswe ukuba athintele okanye abulale usulelo lwebhaktiriya, ebenza bangabi namsebenzi kwizifo zentsholongwane. Phantse i-25% ye-antibiotics emiselweyo yenziwa ngokungafanelekanga; kwaye i-35% inikwa izigulane (ngokuqhelekileyo abantwana) abanezifo eziphezulu zokuphefumula, i-sinusitis, kunye neentloko. Umqala obuhlungu, ukuya kwinqanaba elikhulu, imvelaphi yentsholongwane kwaye ayibangelwa yibhaktheriya.
Ukuba sinikwe amayeza okubulala iintsholongwane ngokungakhethiyo, sinokudala ukuxhathisa kwaye sivelise ingxaki yoluntu. Ukuthintela oku kungenzeki, kufuneka sinciphise kakhulu ukusetyenziswa kwayo, ngakumbi xa siyithatha kwiimeko apho singayidingiyo, njengengqele kunye nomkhuhlane.