Damuwa matsala ce ta kowa da kowa wacce ta shafi wani muhimmin bangare na jama'a. Bisa kididdigar da Ma'aikatar Lafiya ta bayar, kimanin kashi 4,1 cikin dari na yawan jama'a suna fama da rashin tausayi, tare da mafi girma a cikin mata (5,9%) fiye da maza (2,3%). Yawan ciwon ciki kuma yana ƙaruwa da shekaru, yana shafar kusan kashi 12% na mata da 5% na maza tsakanin shekaru 75 zuwa 84. Akwai da yawa Psychology aikace-aikacen hannu wanda zai iya taimakawa shawo kan bakin ciki.
Don haka, a cikin wannan labarin za mu gaya muku waɗanne aikace-aikacen wayar hannu na ilimin halin dan Adam za su iya taimaka muku shawo kan baƙin ciki.
Halin damuwa
Don sarrafa alamun da ke tattare da wannan yanayin, mutane da yawa sun dogara da magani. A cikin 2017, bayanai daga Ma'aikatar Lafiya sun nuna cewa kashi 34,3% na mata da 17,7% na maza a Spain an wajabta aƙalla nau'in magungunan psychotropic guda ɗaya, ban da antipsychotics. Daga cikin wadannan magunguna, Magungunan antidepressants sun kasance mafi yawan wajabta, sannan anxiolytics, hypnotics da masu kwantar da hankali.
Ana iya lura da yanayin yau da kullun a cikin amfani da waɗannan nau'ikan nau'ikan magunguna guda uku: mata suna son cinye su fiye da maza, amfani da karuwa tare da shekaru har zuwa shekaru 80, akwai gradient na zamantakewa tare da babban amfani a cikin rukunin ƙananan kuɗi da rarrabawa. ya fi girma a cikin ƙananan ƙananan hukumomi ba tare da la'akari da shekaru ba.
Kodayake gaskiya ne cewa maganin magunguna gabaɗaya ya zama dole, yana da mahimmanci a haɗa shi tare da ilimin halin ɗan adam don cimma sakamako mafi kyau a mafi yawan lokuta. Abin takaici, yawancin marasa lafiya ba za su iya samun wannan muhimmin tallafi ba saboda ƙarancin kuɗi ko rashin wadatattun kayan aiki. Koyaya, a cikin 'yan shekarun nan an sami karuwar sha'awar amfani da sabbin fasahohi, kamar apps, don taimakawa marasa lafiya a cikin jiyya.
Wani bita na bincike na baya-bayan nan ya nuna cewa waɗannan ƙa'idodin da aka ƙera musamman don baƙin ciki na iya zama masu fa'ida, musamman wajen magance matsaloli masu tsanani da matsakaici. An samo wannan ƙaddamarwa daga cikakken nazari na meta-bincike wanda ya yi nazarin nazarin 13 da ya ƙunshi jimillar aikace-aikace 16 daban-daban. An buga sakamakon binciken a cikin babbar mujallar Jama Network Open.
Bayan nazarin gwaje-gwajen asibiti a hankali da aka gudanar, masu bincike sun gano wani sanannen alaƙa tsakanin sasanninta na tushen aikace-aikacen wayar hannu da raguwa mai yawa a cikin alamun damuwa. Wani abin mamaki kuma, sun gano cewa gajerun ayyukan da ba su wuce makonni takwas ba. ya haifar da tasiri mai mahimmanci idan aka kwatanta da tsayin daka, wanda ya saba wa zato gama gari.
Dangane da binciken binciken, aikace-aikacen wayar hannu waɗanda ba su da sanarwar ciki an nuna suna da ƙarin tasiri, wanda ke nuna cewa tallafin keɓaɓɓen mutum da hulɗar ɗan adam na iya zama mahimmanci a cikin maganin baƙin ciki.
Aikace-aikacen ilimin halin ɗan adam na wayar hannu waɗanda zasu iya taimakawa shawo kan baƙin ciki
Masanin ilimin hauka Joaquim Raduà da masanin ilimin halin dan Adam Miquel Àngel Fullana, dukkansu suna da alaƙa da rukunin bincike na Hoto akan rikice-rikicen da suka shafi yanayi da damuwa na IDIBAPS, tare da sabis na ilimin halin ɗan adam da ilimin halin ɗan adam na asibitin Clínic na Barcelona. Sun bayyana damuwa game da tabarbarewar yanayin lafiyar kwakwalwar jama'a. Suna jadadda cewa farfagandar ɗabi'a shine mafita mai dacewa ga wannan matsala, amma gane ƙalubalen samun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararru da kuma biyan kuɗin haɗin gwiwa. Dangane da waɗannan cikas, sun yi imanin cewa haɗa sabbin fasahohi don ba da dama ga ingantattun jiyya na tunani hanya ce mai kyau.
Makasudin wannan meta-bincike shine don kimanta tasirin aikace-aikacen a cikin kula da masu matsakaici da matsananciyar damuwa. Sakamakon wannan bincike ya nuna cewa aikace-aikacen suna da tasiri mai kyau idan aka kwatanta da ƙungiyoyin sarrafawa daban-daban. Yana da kyau a lura cewa tsarin da aka yi amfani da shi a cikin wannan meta-bincike ya dace gabaɗaya. kodayake akwai wasu hanyoyin ƙididdiga waɗanda ba a ba da shawarar ba. Alal misali, yin amfani da ƙayyadaddun samfurori masu tasiri a lokacin da ake nazarin nazarin tare da gagarumin nau'i mai mahimmanci, da kuma nazarin lokaci guda na nau'o'in nau'o'in kulawa da yawa (kamar jiyya kamar yadda aka saba da jerin jira), wanda bincike na baya ya nuna don samar da tasiri mai mahimmanci.
Abubuwan da aka samo daga wannan cikakken bincike sun ƙara ƙarfafa shaidar da ke akwai akan tasiri mai kyau na sabbin fasahohi don inganta tunanin mutane. A gaskiya ma, sun ce binciken da aka yi a baya ya kuma tabbatar da fa'idodin ilimin halayyar halayyar Intanet na tushen Intanet (ICBT) wajen magance yanayi daban-daban, gami da rikice-rikice na tilastawa (OCD).
Ana buƙatar ƙarin bayani
Budaddiyar Jami'ar Catalonia (UOC) ta gudanar da wani bincike wanda ya nuna yiwuwar tasirin amfani da aikace-aikacen bacin rai a cikin maganin alamun wannan rashin lafiyar kwakwalwa da ke karuwa. Musamman ma, binciken ya jaddada tasiri na tsaka-tsakin matasan, wanda ya ƙunshi haɗin fasaha da ƙwararru. shiga tsakani. Carme Carrión, babban mai bincike na eHealth Lab, ya jagoranci ƙungiyar da ta tattara tare da yin nazarin mafi cikakken binciken kimiyya a wannan yanki a cikin 'yan shekarun nan, tare da kammala cewa waɗannan ayyukan haɗin gwiwar na iya samun tasiri mai kyau.
A cewar Carrión, akwai aikace-aikace da yawa a cikin ma'ajiyar da ke da'awar hanawa ko magance bakin ciki, amma kaɗan ne kawai daga cikinsu ke samun goyan bayan shaidar kimiyya ko kuma sun sami gudummawa daga kwararru ko marasa lafiya. Ta hanyar ingantaccen bincike na adabin kimiyya. Mun sami damar gano ingantaccen bincike guda 29 da ke bincika tasirin ayyukan kula da lafiyar hannu don bakin ciki. Wannan bincike yana bayyana cewa amfani da ƙa'idodi don shiga tsakani yana da matsakaicin tasiri kuma yana iya zama hanya mai dacewa don ba da tallafin lafiyar kwakwalwa. Duk da haka, yana da kyau a lura cewa yawan albarkatun da ake da su a halin yanzu suna da bambanci sosai, wanda ke haifar da kalubale wajen rarraba su daidai.
Ba wai kawai ayyukan haɗaka suna samar da kyakkyawan sakamako idan aka kwatanta da hanyoyin fasaha zalla don rage alamun damuwa, amma an kuma lura da masu amfani don yin ƙwazo zuwa aikace-aikace masu sauƙi, masu sauƙin amfani maimakon waɗanda ke da sarƙaƙƙiya da yawa. Bayan haka, Akwai alaƙa tsakanin tsananin baƙin ciki da son yin amfani da waɗannan ayyukan. Akasin haka, ba a gano wani saɓani na musamman dangane da shekaru ko jima'i ba.
A cewar Andrea Duarte, mai bincike a Cibiyar Nazarin Kiwon Lafiya ta Canary Islands Foundation na Canary Islands (FIISC) kuma jagoran wannan meta-bincike, a bayyane yake cewa hanyoyin da aka keɓance waɗanda ke la'akari da bambance-bambancen mutum, sha'awa da buƙatu suna da mahimmanci. Don tabbatar da ingancinsa, yana da mahimmanci a ba da fifiko ga ƙa'idodin tushen shaida da daidaitattun kayan aikin kimantawa, kamar waɗanda suke niyyar haɓakawa.
Ina fatan cewa tare da wannan bayanin zaku iya ƙarin koyo game da aikace-aikacen ilimin halin ɗan adam wanda zai iya taimaka muku shawo kan bakin ciki.