I-pangasius iyaqhubeka nokuba yi-protagonist yezifundo zesayensi ezincoma ukugwema ukusetshenziswa kwayo. Sekuyiminyaka embalwa izitolo ezinkulu zingasadayisi, amakhaya asebekhulile awapheki futhi amakantini esikole awanikezi izingane.
Abanye abantu abakatholi ukuthi kungani ukusetshenziswa kwabo kwehla, ngakho-ke sikutshela ngocwaningo olwenziwa yiNyuvesi yaseLa Laguna (Tenerife). Kube yiNhlangano Yezempilo Yomhlaba wonke eyaqala ukuqaphela ukugcwala kwayo okuphezulu kwezinsimbi ezifana ne-mercury.
Intengo yayo eshibhile, ukunambitheka okuthambile, kanye nokuthungwa okuqinile, okuxekethile kwenza idume emhlabeni wonke. Kodwa-ke, kungaba yingozi enkulu yokudla okunoshevu, ngakho-ke kudingeka siqiniseke ukuthi sikupheka ngendlela efanele.
Hlobo luni lwenhlanzi i-pangasius?
Ngaphandle kokungabaza, i-pangasius ingenye yezinhlanzi ezidliwa kakhulu emhlabeni, kodwa ngokwamazinga e-mercury aseYurophu, ayihambisani nemithethonqubo. Yinhlanzi enemvelaphi yaseVietnam, ikakhulukazi evela eMfuleni iMekong, ongomunye wezinde kakhulu emhlabeni futhi ongelinye elingcoliswe kakhulu.
Yaziwa nangokuthi i-basa, futhi iwuhlobo lwe-catfish yomndeni wakwaPangasiidae. Igama layo elisemthethweni lesayensi yiPangasius bocourti. Kungenzeka futhi ukuthi siyizwile inhlanzi ye-basa ebizwa ngokuthi i-cobbler yasemfuleni, i-Vietnamese cobbler, i-pangasius, noma i-swai.
Inyama yayo inombala okhanyayo, oqinile kanye ne-flavour encane yezinhlanzi, efana ne-cod noma i-hake. Eqinisweni, ngezinye izikhathi ithengiswa njengezibopho zezinhlanzi ezingenamathambo futhi zisetshenziswe ngendlela efanayo. Izinhlanzi zePanga zizalelwa emifuleni iMekong neChao Phraya, egeleza emazweni amaningana aseNingizimu-mpumalanga ye-Asia.
Ngenxa yokuduma kwawo kanye nesidingo esikhulu sokuthumela kwamanye amazwe, aphinde akhuliswe ngobuningi babo ezibayeni ezizungeze uMfula iMekong. Lesi ngesinye sezizathu zokuthi kungani idume kakhulu ngenxa yentengo yayo. Kushibhile ukuzalanisa, ngakho-ke sinentengo encintisanayo, ngisho nalapho sithunyelwa phesheya.
Izingozi ezingaba khona zokusetshenziswa kwayo
Abacwaningi abavela eNyuvesi yaseLa Laguna bebenentshisekelo yokuphenya ingozi enobuthi ye-mercury engafaka isandla ekusetshenzisweni kwe-pangasius. Ngenxa yalokhu, baye bahlaziya 80 amasampula yezibopho eziqandisiwe, ezigcinwe kuma-hypermarkets amathathu ahlukene futhi abathengi bokugcina abangayithatha ku-marinade noma yemvelo.
Kuye kwafakazelwa ukuthi i-pangasius ku-marinade idlula ukugxila okuphezulu kuvunyelwe umthetho waseYurophu ku-0 mg/kg. «Uma le datha isitholiwe futhi kucatshangwa ukuthi ukusetshenziswa kwamasonto onke kwamagremu angu-350 we-pangasius, umnikelo wephesenti ku-Tolerable Weekly Intake (IST) ye-mercury ungamaphesenti angu-32 namaphesenti angu-27,5 kwabesifazane nabesilisa, ngokulandelana.«, kuphawula u-Ángel J. Gutierrez, uprofesa oqashiwe we-Toxicology Area ye-University of Laguna.
Ngokuvamile, ukudla noma yiluphi uhlobo lwezinhlanzi kunezingozi ezithile. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi izinhlanzi zingaqukatha ukungcola okuvela kudoti wezimboni njenge-mercury nama-biphenyls e-polychlorinated. Lezi zinhlanganisela zinganqwabelana emzimbeni futhi zibe nemiphumela enobuthi. Nokho, kunabantu abakholelwa ukuthi izinzuzo zokudla izinhlanzi zidlula noma yiziphi izingozi ezingase zibe khona.
Ezinye izifundo zithole izinsalela zensimbi enzima ku-pangasius zibe ngaphakathi kwemingcele ephephile. Nokho, kuye kwasikiselwa ukuthi indlela izinhlanzi ezikhuliswa ngayo nendawo ezungezile ehlala kuyo kungase kwenze lesi silwane sibe ukudla okuyingozi kakhulu. Amachibi akhuliswe kuwo asengozini yokutheleleka. Ukulawula lokhu, abalimi bezinhlanzi kufanele basebenzise amakhemikhali nemithi ukulawula amagciwane nama-parasites; lezi zingxenye zingathinta izinhlanzi.
Ezinye izifundo zithole ukuthi i-pangasius engeniswe isuka eVietnam ayihlangabezani nezindinganiso zokuphepha zomhlaba wonke. Eqinisweni, inhlanzi kungenzeka ibe nenani elincane lemithi yezilwane, kuhlanganise nama-antibiotics, ekugxiliseni okudlula imingcele esemthethweni.
Olunye ucwaningo luphinde lwaphawula ukuthi i-70-80% ye-pangasius ethunyelwa emazweni aseYurophu yayingcoliswe amagciwane e-Vibrio, imbangela evamile yobuthi bokudla. Ukuze unciphise ingozi yokungenwa ushevu ekudleni, qiniseka ukuthi upheka i-basa ngendlela efanele futhi ugweme ukuyidla iluhlaza noma ingaphekwanga kahle.
Okuqukethwe okunomsoco okuphansi
Ezinye izazi zokudla zithi ukudla i-pangasius masonto onke ngeke kube inkinga yezempilo, mayelana ne-mercury. Kukhona izinhlanzi ezifana i-tuna, i-swordfish noma ushaka Anamazinga e-mercury aphezulu kakhulu kune-pangasius, kodwa inani lawo lokudla okunomsoco liphakeme kakhulu.
Njengezinye izinhlobo zezinhlanzi ezimhlophe, i-pangasius inamakholori aphansi futhi inothile ngamaprotheni ekhwalithi ephezulu. Ingxenye ye-126 amagremu inikeza:
- Amandla: 158 kilojoule
- Amaprotheni: 22,5 amagremu
- Amafutha: 7 amagremu
- Amafutha agcwele: 2 amagremu
- Cholesterol: 73 mg
- Ama-carbohydrate: 0 amagremu
- I-Sodium: 89 mg
Ngenxa yekhalori ephansi kanye nokuqukethwe kwamaprotheni amaningi, kungaba ukudla okunenzuzo kwe-dieters, njengezinye izinhlobo zezinhlanzi ezimhlophe. Futhi iqukethe amagremu angu-5 wamafutha angagcwele, kuhlanganise namanye ama-Omega-3 fatty acids. Ama-omega-3 fatty acids angamafutha abalulekile abalulekile ekugcineni umzimba unempilo enhle nengqondo, ikakhulukazi njengoba ukhula. Kodwa-ke, i-panga ayiqukethe okuningi kwalawa mafutha, ngakho-ke iba ngaphansi kokunconywa.
I-Spanish Agency for Consumption, Food Safety and Nutrition incoma ukugwema i-pangasius nokubheja kwezinye izinhlanzi ezizinzile, ezihlinzeka ngamaprotheni engeziwe namafutha anempilo futhi, ngaphezu kwakho konke, ezinokunambitheka okungcono.
Nakuba kuyi-a izinhlanzi ezishibhile ezingenamathambo, kungaba ngcono ukuba izingane zethu zijwayeze ulwanga lwazo kwezinye izinhlobo zokunambitheka. Noma kunjalo, akufanele siyeke ukuyithatha ngenxa yensimbi yayo, uma lokho kuwukukhathazeka kwethu.