Ukuhlolwa nokuthuthukiswa kwama-probiotics kuhlangabezane nokukhula okuphawulekayo ezikhathini zamuva nje, ngokwanda kocwaningo lwesayensi olusekela izimfanelo zawo ezizuzisayo zempilo evamile. Nokho, abantu abaningi abazi yiziphi ama-probiotics nokuthi kufanele zisetshenziswe kumuphi umongo.
Ngakho-ke, kulesi sihloko sizokutshela ukuthi ayini ama-probiotics, izici zawo nokuthi yiziphi izimo okufanele zisetshenziswe.
Yini ama-probiotic
Ukukhula kocwaningo akukona kuphela okuye kwanda. Iziguli nazo ziya ngokuya ziqonda indima ebalulekile edlalwa yi-microbiota kwezempilo, njengoba kushiwo usokhemisi.
Uhlobo olukhethiwe lwama-microorganisms aphilayo lunezici ezihlukahlukene futhi lungasiza ezinqubweni ezithile. Ama-probiotics achazwa njengama-microorganisms aphilayo, uma isetshenziswa ngobuningi obanele, ihlinzeka ngenzuzo yezempilo kumsingathi.
Ukuqonda ukubaluleka kwe-microbiota kubalulekile ngaphambi kokungena esihlokweni sama-probiotics. I-microbiota yakhiwe ama-microorganisms aphilayo ahlala esikhumbeni kanye nolwelwesi lwamafinyila futhi akhona kumuntu ngamunye. Ngokombono wemithi, sekuvele kukhona ama-microorganisms ngaphakathi kwe-microbiota yomuntu esebenza njengama-probiotics. Kodwa-ke, uma sikhuluma ngokuqinile, ama-probiotics achazwa njengama-microorganisms avela ngaphandle kumuntu futhi atholakala ngokwemvelo emithonjeni efana nokudla ngisho nendle.
Ama-microorganisms asetshenziswa kakhulu njengama-probiotics Zingamabhaktheriya ohlobo lwe-Bifidobacterium ne-Lactobacillus, kanye nama-yeasts ohlobo lwe-Saccharomyces. I-Lactobacilli ne-bifidobacteria zikhethwa ngenxa yesimo sazo se-QPS ye-European Food Safety Agency (EFSA) kanye nokusetshenziswa kwazo kabanzi ekuhlolweni kobuchwepheshe be-probiotic, okuholele ebufakazini obuningi obusekela izakhiwo zabo ezinenzuzo.
Ukuziphatha kwama-probiotics
Ababhali bezifundo eziningi bagcizelela ukubaluleka kokuqaphela ukuthi ukuze izinhlobo ze-probiotic ezilawulwa ngomlomo zikhiqize imiphumela enenzuzo, kufanele zimelane nezimo zemvelo ngaphakathi kwesistimu yokugaya ukudla. Lokhu kuhlanganisa umthelela we-microbicidal wamathe, i-asidi yesisu kanye nokukhishwa kwe-pancreatic. Kubalulekile futhi ukukhumbula ukuthi ukwakheka kwezimfihlo ezahlukene, kanye nesikhathi sokuphuma kwesisu kanye nokuhamba kwamathumbu emathunjini, kungase kuhluke kuye ngokuthi ubudala kanye nesimo sezempilo somuntu ngamunye.
Ngokucabangela lezi zici, indlela yokusebenza yokwelashwa ngakunye ingase ihluke kuye ngobulili kanye nohlobo oluthile olukhethiwe ukubhekana nenkinga ethile. Nokho, kungase kubonakale ukuthi kukhona umehluko ovamile phakathi kwabo:
- Ikhono lokunamathela kulwelwesi lwamafinyila nokuncintisana ngempumelelo ne-pathogen, ngaleyo ndlela livimbele ikhono layo lokwenza kanjalo.
- Ama-probiotic microorganisms, ama-anaerobes aqinile, anekhono elimangalisayo lokukhiqiza ama-antimicrobial compounds njenge-lactic, acetic, propionic kanye ne-butyric acid ngokuvutshelwa kukashukela.
- Kungashiwo ukuthi ukukhiqizwa kwe-bacteriocins, okungama-peptides akwazi ukubangela ukugqashuka kwamagciwane e-pathogenic, anezakhiwo ze-bactericidal.
- Ikhono lokukhiqiza i-hydrogen peroxide libaluleke kakhulu kubantu abangaba ama-probiotic esithweni sangasese sowesifazane.
- Amandla okubopha noma ukuhlanganisa amagciwane athile avimbela ikhono lawo lokunamathela kulwelwesi lwamafinyila.
- Ikhono lokushintsha amasosha omzimba liye lahlolwa ngokuhlola umthelela wezinhlobo ezahlukene zokugomela ezicini ezihlukahlukene zokugomela okungokwemvelo, okuguquguqukayo noma okutholiwe.
Yini abayisebenzisayo?
Ngo-2017, i-World Gastroenterology Association (WGO) yashicilela isiqondiso esibuyekeziwe esibizwa ngokuthi “Ama-Probiotics and Prebiotics,” ehlanganisa ukusetshenziswa komtholampilo kwama-probiotics asekelwa ubufakazi obuqinile besayensi. Ngokwemiyalelo ekumhlahlandlela, lezi zinto ezilandelayo zibaluleke kakhulu:
- Ukwelashwa nokuvimbela isifo sohudo
- Allergy
- I-Hepatic encephalopathy
- Immunomodulation
- Isifo sokuvuvukala kwamathumbu
- Isifo samathumbu esicasulayo.
- Ukungabekezelelani kwe-Lactose
- I-enterocolitis ene-necrotizing
- I-Vulvovaginitis
- I-Subacute kanye ne-subclinical mastitis
- Izifo ze-urinary tract
- I-atopic dermatitis
- impilo yomlomo
Ubudlelwano phakathi kwama-probiotics namasosha omzimba
I-Immunomodulation igqama njengenye yezinhlelo zokusebenza zomtholampilo ezisekelwa ubufakazi obuqinile besayensi. Ucwaningo oluningi luyabonisa amandla ezinhlobonhlobo zama-probiotics ukuthuthukisa impendulo yokuzivikela komzimba kubantu abangenazo izinkinga zempilo.
Ngokwababhali bale ncwadi eshiwo ngenhla, “ama-probiotics anamandla okunikezwa abantu abanezimo ezithile, kanye nabantu abanempilo enhle. Ngokwesibonelo, angasetshenziswa ukuthuthukisa isimiso somzimba sokuzivikela ezifweni futhi alawule isimiso sokugaya ukudla ukuze alungiselele ukuya ezweni elihlukile, njengendlela yokuvimbela isifo sohudo sabahambi, noma ezigulini ezinokungezwani ne-lactose noma i-malabsorption.
Ukuze kuthuthukiswe amasosha omzimba, inkampani eyenza imithi iphakamisa ukuthi izinhlobo ze-probiotic ezinokwesekwa kwesayensi okukhulu ngokwemibandela ye-immunomodulation yi-“Lactobacillus plantarum CECT 7315 kanye ne-CECT 7316.” Kodwa-ke, izinhlobo ezengeziwe ezinjengokuthi “L. rhamnosus, L. acidophilus, Bifidobacterium lactis kanye ne-B. longum.
Ngokwemvelo, kubalulekile ukuqonda ukuthi ukusebenza kahle kwalawa ma-probiotics kuzoncika ezintweni ezimbalwa, okuhlanganisa:
- Umthamo uncike kumthamo.
- I-strain, incike ku-strain.
- Ubuncane bokuphatha.
- Isondlo ngokuhamba kwesikhathi.
Imiphumela emihle ingatholwa ngokuqala ukwelashwa kwe-probiotic kusenesikhathi futhi kugcinwe isikhathi eside, okugqamisa ukuhlobana okuqondile phakathi kwesikhathi nobude besikhathi sokwelashwa nama-probiotic.
Kubalulekile ukuthi ama-probiotic afinyelele lapho aya khona ngempumelelo nangesilinganiso esifanele ukuze abe nomthelela omuhle. Umthamo udlala indima ebalulekile ekunqumeni umphumela oyifunayo. Ukwengeza, kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuthi akuzona zonke izinhlobo ze-probiotic ezisebenza emhlabeni wonke. Ezinye izinhlobo zingase zibe nezinzuzo ezithile, njenge lungisa amasosha omzimba noma ukhulule isifo sohudo esibangelwa ama-antibiotic, kanti abanye bangase bangabi nazo lezi zakhiwo. Lokhu kugqamisa ukuncika kwezinhlobo kuma-probiotics. Okokugcina, kufanelekile ukucabangela ukuthi ukusetshenziswa kwesikhathi eside kwama-probiotics kuyadingeka.
Izinzuzo zokuthatha ama-probiotics
UGregorio Mazo uqokomisa ubufakazi besayensi obusekela ukusetshenziswa kwansuku zonke kwama-probiotics isikhathi eside, eqokomisa imiphumela yabo enenzuzo nokuqinisekisa ukuthi ayikho ingozi yokudlula ngokweqile okubikiwe.
Ngokusho kwababhali balo mhlahlandlela, ukudla ama-probiotics njalo akuyona inkinga, njengoba ubufakazi besayensi busekela umbono wokuthi ukudla kwayo kwansuku zonke kuthuthukisa ukusebenza kwayo. Lawa ma-probiotics anomthelela omuhle ku-gut microbiota yethu, okuholela ezinzuzweni zesikhathi eside. Nokho, kubalulekile ukuhlola isilinganiso sengozi nenzuzo yomuntu ngamunye.
Mayelana nokuncika okungenzeka okuhambisana nokusetshenziswa isikhathi eside kwalezi zindlela zokwelapha, usokhemisi ucacisa ukuthi ukusetshenziswa kwama-probiotics. ayiholeli kunoma yiluphi uhlobo lokuncika komzimba. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi lawa ma-microorganisms akhona ngokwemvelo emzimbeni njengengxenye ebalulekile ye-microbiota.
Kunoma ikuphi, batusa ukulandela imihlahlandlela yomkhiqizi eningiliziwe eshidini ledatha yobuchwepheshe noma emaphaketheni omkhiqizo ukuze kuqinisekiswe umthamo ofanele we-probiotic ukuze kuzuzwe umphumela oyifunayo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kubalulekile ukucabangela ukubunjwa ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuzuzwa kwale mithelela enenzuzo.
Usokhemisi ugqamisa ukubaluleka kokulondoloza le mikhiqizo, ikakhulukazi imithi kanye nezithako zokudla eziqukethe ama-probiotics. Kunconywa ukuthi uwagcine endaweni epholile engaphansi kuka-25ºC futhi evikelekile ekukhanyeni. Nokho, Kunezimo lapho isiqandisi sidingeka khona, sigcina izinga lokushisa elingu-2ºC kuya ku-8ºC.
Ngithemba ukuthi ngalolu lwazi ungafunda kabanzi mayelana nama-probiotics kanye nezinzuzo zawo.