Eminyakeni embalwa edlule i- I-World Health Organization (I-WHO) ichaze indlela yokuphila yokunganyakazi nokuzivivinya umzimba njengobhubhane lomhlaba wonke olunemiphumela engemihle kwezempilo nomnotho weplanethi yonke. Nakuba ngenhlanhla, kukhona ukuqwashisa okwandayo mayelana nemikhuba yokuphila enempilo nezemidlalo, ingxenye enkulu yabantu isuswa ngokuphelele kumgomo obekwe inhlangano.
namuhla ishicilelwe ucwaningo kujenali i-Lancet Global Health, lapho iqembu labacwaningi be-WHO liqinisekisa ukuthi abantu abangaphezu kwezigidi ezingu-1.400 (27% wabantu abadala emhlabeni) abazange bazivocavoce ngokwanele ngo-7.
Bobabili abesilisa nabesifazane abazange bafinyelele amazinga anconyiwe okuzivocavoca umzimba ukuze babe nempilo. Uyazi ukuthi kusho ukuthini ukuzilolonga? okungenani imizuzu eyi-150 yomsebenzi omaphakathi noma imizuzu engama-75 yomsebenzi onamandla ngesonto.
Izinzuzo zokuvivinya umzimba empilweni ziningi: kunciphisa ingozi yesifo senhliziyo, kunemiphumela emihle empilweni yengqondo, kubambezela ukuqala kokuwohloka komqondo, futhi kusisiza ukuba sigcine isisindo esinempilo.
Izindawo ezinezinga eliphezulu lokuvivinya umzimba kwakuyiLatin America neCaribbean (43,7%), iSouth Asia (43,0%), kanye namazwe aseNtshonalanga anengeniso ephezulu (42,3%) yabesifazane; ngokuphambene, amazinga aphansi emadodeni enzeka e-Oceania (12,3%), eMpumalanga naseNingizimu-mpumalanga ye-Asia (17,6%), nase-Sub-Saharan Africa (17,9%).
Amazwe acebile aya ngokuya ehlala
Ukwengeza, idatha yocwaningo ikhombisa ukuthi akubanga khona inqubekelaphambili ekuthuthukiseni amazinga okusebenza ngokomzimba emhlabeni wonke phakathi kuka-2001 no-2016 nokuthi amazwe aseNtshonalanga anemali engenayo ephezulu aqala ukuhlala, izinga lokungasebenzi ngokomzimba elingaphezu kokuphindwe kabili kunamazwe anemali engenayo ephansi (37% vs. 16%).
Ucwaningo lukhomba lokho akubanga khona ukuthuthuka kumazinga awo wonke okusebenza komzimba phakathi kuka-2001 no-2016, njengoba amazwe aseNtshonalanga anemali eningi agcina esehlala kakhulu.
I-Asia igqame ngokuthuthuka okukhulu eminyakeni yamuva nje, ukusuka ku-26% wokungasebenzi komzimba ngo-2001 kuya ku-17% ngo-2016. Lokhu kungenxa yenqubekelaphambili eyenziwe e-China, lapho ukungasebenzi kwehle kwafinyelela ku-14%, into emangalisa kakhulu uma kuqhathaniswa namazwe afana neJalimane edlula u-40%.
amadoda vs abesifazane
Abacwaningi baqaphela ukuthi kukhona a umehluko omkhulu wobulili futhi ibonwa kuwo wonke amazwe, ikakhulukazi ezindaweni ezifana Bangladesh, lapho u-40% womkhakha wabesifazane ungazivocavoci ngokwanele.
UMelody Ding, umcwaningi eNyuvesi yaseSydney, uhamba nale vidiyo nencwadi esayiniwe lapho eqinisekisa khona ukuthi le datha ingenxa yokuthi abesifazane babhekana nezithiyo eziningi zezenhlalo, zamasiko nezemvelo zokuzivocavoca umzimba.
Cela ukwakhiwa kwamathuba aphephile namukelekayo ngokwesiko ahlomisa abesifazane ukuthi babambe iqhaza kunoma yimuphi umsebenzi.
I-WHO ixwayisa ngokuncipha kokuzivocavoca umzimba
🏃🏼♀️Okwengeziwe #ukuzivocavoca ikhiqiza imodeli yendlela yokuphila esebenzayo, enenzuzo kuwe #uxolo
🏊🏼 Zilolonge imizuzu engama-60. usuku olunomsebenzi omaphakathi nonamandla
🤸🏼♂️Yehlisa izikhathi zokunganyakazi
Amathiphu amaningi 👉🏼https://t.co/vthy6IZDtK pic.twitter.com/WjnsDEAhCB— The Moncloa (@desdelamoncloa) September 5, 2018
Sinjani eSpain?
Ngenhlanhla noma ngeshwa, iSpain inesimo esifanayo kuwo wonke umhlaba. Ikota yabantu (23% amadoda kanye 30% abesifazane) akakuqheliseli ukuvivinya umzimba okutuswayo. Kepha kulokho okungenzeka, sinedatha enhle kakhulu kunamanye amazwe e-European Union. IPortugal inamaphesenti angama-43, iJalimane 42%, i-Italy 41%, i-United Kingdom 36% kanye neFrance 29%.
Akukhona okokuqala ukuthi sibizwe ekunakeni kwethu mayelana nendlela yokuphila yokunganyakazi ehlushwa abantu baseSpain. Kwe yakamuva National Health Survey ithole ukuthi u-35% wabantu unezinga eliphansi lokuzivivinya futhi u-54% wayekhuluphele ngokweqile.