Eminyakeni yamuva nje, umsindo wokuzila ukudla, futhi ikakhulukazi ukuzila ukudla ngezikhathi ezithile, uye waba phezulu kakhulu. Nakuba ukuncipha kwesisindo kuwukudonsa okuyinhloko kwabaningi, kunenye inzuzo yokuzila okuye kwavusa isithakazelo esikhulu. Abacwaningi bathole ukuthi lapho umzimba wakho uzila ukudla, uthola inqubo yokuhlanza amangqamuzana ebizwa ngokuthi ukuzilimaza, eziye zaxhunyaniswa nokuvimbela izifo nokuphila isikhathi eside.
Iyini i-autophagy?
I-Autophagy yithuba lamaseli akho ukuthi akhiphe udoti. Kuyinqubo yemvelo yokulungiswa kwamaseli nokuhlanza. I-Autophagy ibuyisela kabusha umzimba wakho futhi ikuvumela ukuthi usebenze ngokuphumelelayo.
Cabanga ngamaseli akho njengohhavini. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi futhi njengoba ukhula, amangqamuzana aqoqa amaprotheni alimele, izingcezu eziphukile zamangqamuzana amhlophe egazi, noma ama-enzyme namanye ama-metabolite angasasebenzi kahle noma ngempumelelo, njengoba nje kuhhavini lakho liqoqa amafutha kanye nenhlabathi ekudleni kwakho. Uma lokhu "doti" kungasuswa, amaseli akho awasebenzi kahle noma ngendlela efanele.
I-Autophagy ifana nomsebenzi wokuzihlanza kwamaseli. Isusa le mfucumfucu, le mfucumfucu evuthayo, okufanele ikhishwe, kodwa iye yahlala eduze. Amaseli abe esesebenzisa kabusha leyo nto ukuze enze uphethiloli namabhulokhi wokwakha wezingxenye zamaseli amasha, ngokusho kwesihloko sikaJanuwari 2012 ku-Experimental & Molecular Medicine.
Yiziphi izinzuzo ze-autophagy?
Ngokwe-athikili ku-Experimental and Molecular Medicine okukhulunywe ngayo ngenhla, i-autophagy iyadingeka ukuze amaseli ethu aphile. Inikeza izakhi kanye nezinto zokwakha nokukhula kwamangqamuzana, futhi idiliza amaprotheni awonakele nezinye izinto ezingase zibangele izifo kanye neminye imiphumela emibi yokuguga.
Kodwa-ke, ucwaningo ngezinzuzo zezempilo ze-autophagy lusezigabeni zalo zokuqala. Iningi locwaningo lwenziwe kumaseli afana nemvubelo nezilwane, futhi akucaci uma okutholakele kuhumushela ngqo kubantu.
Ukwengeza, ayikho indlela eqondile yokulinganisa i-autophagy kubantu, ngokusho kokubuyekezwa kuka-Agasti 2017 okushicilelwe ku-International Journal of Molecular Sciences. Futhi, ngokusho kwababhali bocwaningo lukaJanuwari 2015 olushicilelwe ku-Journal of Clinical Investigation (JCI), akucaci ngaso sonke isikhathi ukuthi imiphumela ihlobene ngokuqondile ne-autophagy noma enye into.
Noma kunjalo, abacwaningi bathole ezinye izinzuzo ezithembisayo ze-autophagy:
impilo ende eyandisiwe
Ngokususa izinto zamaselula eziqoqiwe futhi ezilimele, i-autophagy ingaholela ekwehleni kwezifo ezihlobene nobudala kanye nokuphila isikhathi eside. Ngokusho kocwaningo lwe-JCI, i-autophagy ibe nomthelela esikhathini eside sokuphila kwamaseli, izilwane kanye nabantu.
Ingozi ephansi yomdlavuza
Ukubuyekezwa kwangoMeyi 2018 okushicilelwe ku-Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy kwathola ukuthi i-autophagy ingawucindezela umdlavuza. Eqinisweni, lapho izakhi zofuzo ezilawula i-autophagy ziguqulwa, kunamazinga aphezulu omdlavuza.
Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi i-autophagy ikhipha amangqamuzana agulayo angaba nomdlavuza. Kodwa-ke, ababhali bayaqaphela ukuthi kunezikhathi lapho i-autophagy ivikela amangqamuzana omdlavuza futhi ibasize bakhule.
Enye indatshana, eyanyatheliswa ngoNovemba 2018 emitholampilo, ithole ukuthi i-autophagy ebangelwa ukuzila ukudla ingenza ukwelashwa komdlavuza kuphumelele kakhulu.
Ukusabela okuthuthukisiwe kokuzivikela komzimba
Ngaphezu kokuqeda izinto ezingadingeki zamaselula, i-autophagy ingaphinde ibulale amagciwane, amagciwane, namanye amagciwane angabangela izifo, ngokusho kocwaningo lukaJuni 2015 olwanyatheliswa kuyi-Journal of Experimental Medicine. Kuyasiza futhi ukugcina ukusabela komzimba okuvuvukalayo kulawuleka.
Ingozi ephansi yesifo se-neurodeergenerative
Ababhali bocwaningo lwangaphambili lwango-2015 baphinde bathola ukuthi i-autophagy idlala indima ekuvikeleni isifo se-neurodeergenerative ngokukhipha amaprotheni ahlobene nezimo ezifana ne-Alzheimer's, Huntington's, ne-Parkinson's.
Ukulawula kangcono ushukela wegazi
Ngokusho kwababhali bokubuyekezwa kwe-Biomedicine kanye ne-Pharmacotherapy, ucwaningo kumagundane lukhombisa ukuthi i-autophagy inciphisa ukukhuluphala kanye nokumelana ne-insulin ngokuqeda ingcindezi ye-oxidative kanye ne-mitochondria eyonakele.
Ucwaningo lwango-March 2013 lwabesifazane olwanyatheliswa kuyi-British Journal of Nutrition lwathola ukuthi ukuzila ukudla ngezikhathi ezithile kwaholela ekwandeni kokuzwela kwe-insulin. Amazinga aphezulu e-insulin ayaziwa ukuthi ahlotshaniswa nezimo ze-metabolic ezifana nesifo sikashukela, isifo semithambo yegazi, namazinga aphezulu okuvuvukala.
Kungani ukuzila ukudla kubangela i-autophagy?
I-Autophagy ingenye indlela umzimba osabela ngayo futhi uvumelane nokucindezeleka. Ngokocwaningo lwangoNovemba 2018 olushicilelwe ku-Aging Research Reviews, ukuzila ukudla kungenye yezindlela ezinamandla kakhulu zokuvuselela i-autophagy emzimbeni.
Esimeni esinamandla, amaseli akudingeki ukuthi asebenze kahle, ukuze angahlanzwa kakhulu. Uma ucindezela uhlelo ngendlela enhle, njengokuzila ukudla, ngokuzumayo ingqamuzana lizwa sengathi alinayo ithani lomsoco futhi akufanele lichithe lokho elinakho.
Kodwa i-autophagy idinga ukujikeleza nokuvala. Ukuhlanza amaseli kakhulu noma okuncane kakhulu kungabangela izinkinga.
Kodwa-ke, kumuntu ojwayelekile, kujwayelekile ukuthi asiyiniki imizimba yethu ithuba lokuzila ukudla ngoba sidla njalo, okungase kulayishe ngokweqile amasistimu ethu. Ngenxa yalokho, ugwema amathuba okusebenzisa le nqubo enenzuzo.
Ikakhulu ukuzila ukudla ngezikhathi ezithile, lapho ulinganisela okudlayo ngezikhathi ezithile zosuku noma izinsuku ezithile zeviki, kuyindlela yokuvumela umzimba wakho ukuba udlule emijikelezweni evamile phakathi nezikhathi zokudla nokuzila ukudla. Lokhu kudala ukusabela kwama-hormone emzimbeni okushayela impendulo yengcindezi yeseli, ukuzivikela komzimba kanye nokusebenza kwe-mitochondrial (indlu yamandla yeseli) ngaphezu komjikelezo wokuzihlanza, ngokusho kwesihloko sango-December 2019 eshicilelwe ku I-New England Journal of Medicine (NEJM). ).
Iqhinga liwukuthi umzimba wakho udinga ukushintsha ukushintsha kwe-metabolic kusuka ekushiseni kwe-glucose (eyaziwa nangokuthi ushukela) ukuze uthole uphethiloli ekusebenziseni amafutha acids kanye nemizimba ye-ketone ukuze uthole amandla, ngokusho kwabalobi be-athikili ye-NEJM. Lokhu kungathatha phakathi kwamahora ayi-10 no-14 wokuzila ukudla.
Ingabe kufanele uzame ukuzila ukudla ngezikhathi ezithile ukuze wenze i-autophagy?
Kunezinzuzo eziningi zokuzila ukudla ngezikhathi ezithile ngaphandle kwe-autophagy. Futhi kulula kakhulu ukulandela. Kutuswa ukuzila ukudla phakathi kwamahora ayi-16 no-18 ngosuku ukuze uthole izinzuzo. Kodwa-ke, ukuzila ukudla isikhathi esingaphezu kwamahora angama-24 kungaqala ukwethesa umzimba ngokweqile.
Yeqa ukudla kwasekuseni. Idla isidlo sasemini nesidlo sakusihlwa, futhi ungaba nempilo yomphakathi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukuzila ukudla ngezikhathi ezithile Isebenza kahle nanoma yimuphi umbono wokudla okunempilo, noma ngabe uyi-paleo, i-keto, noma ukudla okungenalo gluten.
Kodwa akudingekile ukuba uqine mayelana nesimiso sakho sokuzila ukudla, ikakhulukazi uma uzama ukuzila ukudla ngezikhathi ezithile ngenxa yezizathu zokuphila isikhathi eside nokuvimbela izifo. Ukuyo isikhathi eside, ngakho-ke ungacindezeli ngoba i-stress ayibi ukuphila isikhathi eside. Vele uzame ukungaguquguquki. Ngisho noma uzila ukudla kabili ngeviki, kusazoba yinzuzo uma kuqhathaniswa nokungazili nhlobo.
Nokho, uma unayo sikashukela noma ezinye izinkinga zikashukela egazini, ukhulelwe noma uncelisa, banesisindo esingaphansi, noma banezifo ezingelapheki njengesifo semithambo, izinso, noma isibindi, kungase kube ngcono kakhulu ukugwema ukuzila ukudla. Hlala uthintana nochwepheshe.