Isifo sikashukela yisifo esenzeka uma kuneglucose (ushukela) omningi egazini futhi singasetshenziselwe amandla. Uma ikhula ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa, ibizwa ngokuthi isifo sikashukela sokukhulelwa.
Kungenye yezinkinga zezokwelapha ezivame kakhulu ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa, ngakho-ke uma ukhulelwe noma ungabaza ukuthi unayo, ngezansi uzothola konke okuhlobene nalesi simo.
siyini isifo sikashukela sokukhulelwa?
Ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa, abanye besifazane baba namazinga aphezulu kashukela egazini. Lesi simo saziwa nge-Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) noma isifo sikashukela sokukhulelwa. Ngokuvamile kwenzeka phakathi amasonto 24 kanye 28 okukhulelwa. E-Spain, cishe i-9 kwabesifazane abakhulelwe abayi-100 baqala isifo sikashukela sokukhulelwa (9%).
Uma lokhu kwenzeka ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa, akusho ukuthi uke waba nalesi sifo ngaphambili, noma ukuthi uzoba naso kamuva. Kodwa kuyiqiniso ukuthi kwandisa ingozi yokuba nesifo sikashukela sohlobo 2 esikhathini esizayo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, uma kungaxazululwa, kungandisa ingozi yokuba ingane ibe nesifo sikashukela kanye nobungozi bezinkinga kumama nomntwana ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa kanye nokubeletha.
Akuvamile kakhulu ukuthi isifo sikashukela sokukhulelwa singabangelwa uphawu. Uma uhlangabezana nanoma yiziphi izimpawu, zingase zibe mnene. Nokho, phakathi kwazo ukukhathala, ukungaboni kahle, ukoma ngokweqile, isifiso sokuchama ngokweqile, nokuhona.
Kukhona abantu besifazane abakhulu kunabo ingozi yokuthuthukisa isifo sikashukela sokukhulelwa. Ngokukhethekile, amathuba ayanda uma uneminyaka engaphezu kuka-25, unomfutho wegazi ophakeme, umlando womndeni wesifo sikashukela, ukhuluphele ngaphambi kokukhulelwa, noma ukhuluphele kakhulu ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa. Kungenzeka futhi uma uthwele izingane eziningi, uma uke waba nesifo sikashukela esikhathini esidlule, noma uphuphunyelwa yisisu. Kuvamile ngisho nakwabesifazane abane-polycystic ovary syndrome kanye nezinye izimo ezihlobene nokumelana ne-insulin.
Isifo sikashukela sokukhulelwa sihlukaniswe izigaba ezimbili. I isigaba A1 isetshenziselwa ukuchaza isifo sikashukela sokukhulelwa esingalawulwa ngokudla kuphela. Ngokuphambene, abantu abanesifo sikashukela isigaba A2 bazodinga i-insulin noma imithi yomlomo ukuze balawule isimo.
Izimbangela zesifo sikashukela ekukhulelweni
Imbangela eqondile yesifo sikashukela sokukhulelwa ayikacaci, kodwa kungenzeka ukuthi amahomoni anendima. Lapho ukhulelwe, umzimba wakho ukhiqiza amanani anyukile amanye amahomoni, njenge-lactogen ye-placental yomuntu namahomoni akhuphula ukumelana ne-insulin.
Lezi amahomoni zithinta i-placenta futhi zisize ukugcina ukukhulelwa. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, inani lala ma-hormone emzimbeni liyakhula. Lokhu kungaqala ukwenza umzimba ukwazi ukumelana ne-insulin, ihomoni elawula ushukela wegazi.
I-insulin isiza ukususa i-glucose egazini iye kumaseli, lapho isetshenziselwa khona amandla. Ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa, ngokwemvelo umzimba uba nokumelana kancane ne-insulin, ngakho kuba noshukela omningi egazini okufanele udlulele enganeni. Uma ukumelana ne-insulin kuba namandla kakhulu, amazinga kashukela egazini angakhuphuka ngendlela engavamile futhi lokhu kungase kubangele isifo sikashukela sokukhulelwa.
ukuhlolwa kokuxilonga
Ukuthi abesifazane abakhulelwe bathola ukuhlolwa okuhlukile ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa akukona nje ukuqondana. Odokotela abaningi bathanda ukuhlolwa okujwayelekile kwezimpawu zesifo sikashukela sokukhulelwa. Uma ungenawo umlando owaziwayo wesifo sikashukela kanye namazinga ajwayelekile kashukela egazini ekuqaleni kokukhulelwa kwakho, cishe udokotela wakho uzokuhlola isifo sikashukela sokukhulelwa lapho ufinyelela emasontweni angama-24 nangama-28 ukhulelwe.
inselele ye-glucose
Abanye odokotela bangase baqale ngokuhlolwa kwenselele ye-glucose. Awekho amalungiselelo adingekayo kulokhu kuhlolwa. Uzophuza isisombululo se-glucose kuphela. Ngemva kwehora, uzothola ukuhlolwa kwegazi. Uma ushukela wakho uphezulu, udokotela angenza ukuhlolwa kokubekezelela i-glucose ngomlomo amahora amathathu.
Abanye odokotela bayeqa ngokuphelele ukuhlolwa kwenselele ye-glucose futhi benze kuphela ukuhlolwa kokubekezelela i-glucose amahora amabili, okuchazwe ngezansi.
Isinyathelo esisodwa sokuhlola
Udokotela uzoqala ngokuhlola amazinga kashukela egazini lokuzila ukudla. Uzokucela ukuthi uphuze isisombululo esiqukethe amagremu angu-75 we-carbohydrates. Bazobe sebehlola kabusha amazinga kashukela egazini ngemva kwehora elilodwa namahora amabili. Kungenzeka kutholakale ukuthi unesifo sikashukela sokukhulelwa uma unamavelu alandelayo kashukela egazini:
- Izinga likashukela egazini elizila ukudla elingaphezu noma elilingana namamiligremu angama-92 ngedesilitha ngayinye (mg/dL)
- Izinga likashukela egazini ngehora elilodwa elikhulu noma elilingana no-180 mg/dL
- Izinga likashukela egazini lamahora amabili likhulu noma lilingana no-153 mg/dL
ukuhlolwa kwezinyathelo ezimbili
Ngokuhlolwa kwezinyathelo ezimbili, awudingi ukuzila ukudla. Uzocelwa ukuthi uphuze isisombululo esiqukethe amagremu angu-50 kashukela. Bazobe sebehlola izinga likashukela egazini ngemuva kwehora elilodwa. Uma ngaleso sikhathi izinga likashukela egazini likhulu noma lilingana no-130 mg/dL noma 140 mg/dL, bazokwenza ukuhlolwa kokulandelela okwesibili ngosuku oluhlukile. Umkhawulo wokunquma lokhu unqunywa udokotela ngokwakhe.
Ekuhlolweni kwesibili, udokotela uzoqala ngokukala izinga likashukela egazini lokuzila ukudla kwakho. Bazokucela ukuthi uphuze isisombululo ngamagremu angu-100 kashukela. Bazobe sebehlaziya amazinga egazi ngemva kwehora elilodwa, amabili nantathu.
Kungenzeka kutholakale ukuthi unesifo sikashukela sokukhulelwa uma okungenani unamanani amabili kwalandelayo:
- Izinga likashukela wegazi lokuzila elingaphezu noma elilingana no-95 mg/dL noma 105 mg/dL
- Izinga likashukela egazini ngehora elilodwa elikhulu noma elilingana no-180 mg/dL noma 190 mg/dL
- Izinga likashukela egazini lamahora amabili likhulu noma lilingana no-155 mg/dL noma 165 mg/dL
- Izinga likashukela egazini lamahora amathathu likhulu noma lilingana no-140 mg/dL noma 145 mg/dL
Ingabe kukhona ukwelashwa kwesifo sikashukela sokukhulelwa?
Uma kwenzeka kutholakala ukuthi unesifo sikashukela sokukhulelwa, ukwelashwa kuzoncika emazingeni kashukela egazini usuku lonke. Ezimweni eziningi, udokotela wakho uzoncoma ukuthi uhlole ushukela wakho wegazi ngaphambi nangemva kokudla. Kubuye kunconywe ukuqapha isimo ukudla okunempilo nokwenza ukuzivocavoca njalo.
Kwezinye izimo, zingase futhi zinqunywe imijovo ye-insulin uma kunesidingo. Nakuba amaphesenti angu-10 kuya kwangu-20 kuphela abesifazane abanesifo sikashukela sokukhulelwa abadinga i-insulin ukuze basize ukulawula ushukela wegazi. Angase futhi anikeze imijovo ye-insulin kuze kube yilapho isibeletho. Buza udokotela mayelana nesikhathi esifanele somjovo we-insulin maqondana nokudla kanye nokuzivocavoca ukuze ugweme i-hypoglycemia.
Kodwa-ke, uma udokotela ebona kufanelekile, uzophinde atuse ukuqapha amazinga kashukela egazini ngosizo lwedivayisi ekhethekile yokuqapha i-glucose. Ukusuka lapho, uchwepheshe uzokweluleka ngokuthi yini okufanele uyenze uma izinga likashukela egazini lehla kakhulu noma lihlala liphezulu kunalokho okufanele libe njalo.
Ukudla okukhethekile kwabesifazane abakhulelwe
Ukudla okunomsoco kubaluleke kakhulu ukulawula isifo sikashukela sokukhulelwa. Ngokuqondile, abesifazane abanalolu hlobo lwesifo sikashukela kufanele banake ngokukhethekile ukudla ama-carbohydrate, amaprotheni namafutha. Ukudla njalo, kuze kube njalo emahoreni amabili, nakho kungasiza ekulawuleni amazinga kashukela egazini.
Ngokuqondene ne carbohydrate, kuyalulekwa ukuthi kuhlukanise kahle ukudla okunothe kulesi sakhi ukusiza ukuvimbela ukukhuphuka koshukela wegazi. Udokotela noma isazi sokudla okunempilo sizokusiza ukuthi ubone ukuthi mangaki ama-carbohydrate okufanele uwadle ngosuku. Ukukhetha okunempilo kwama-carbohydrate kufaka okusanhlamvu, irayisi elinsundu, okusanhlamvu, imifino enesitashi, nezithelo ezinoshukela omncane.
Ngakolunye uhlangothi, abesifazane abakhulelwe kufanele badle phakathi kwama-servings amabili kuya kwamathathu amaprotheni kusesikhathini. Imithombo engcono kakhulu yamaprotheni inyama engenamafutha nezinkukhu, inhlanzi, ne-tofu. Ngaphezu kwamaqanda, ubisi kanye nemifino. I amanoni Ukudla okunempilo nakho akunakushoda ekudleni, lapho amantongomane angenasawoti, imbewu, amafutha omnqumo kanye nokwatapheya kufanele kufakwe.
Ingabe isifo sikashukela sokukhulelwa singavinjelwa?
Ngeshwa, akunakwenzeka ukuvimbela isifo sikashukela sokukhulelwa ngokuphelele. Nokho, ukulandela imikhuba enempilo kunganciphisa amathuba akho okuba nalesi simo. Uma ukhulelwe futhi unesinye sezici eziyingozi ezikhulisa amathuba okuba nalolu hlobo lwesifo sikashukela, zama ukudla ukudla okunempilo futhi uzivocavoce njalo. Akunandaba noma kuwumsebenzi olula, njengokuhamba noma ukubhukuda, noma yikuphi ukunyakaza kungaba yinzuzo.
Ngakolunye uhlangothi, uma ucabanga ukukhulelwa esikhathini esizayo esiseduze futhi ukhuluphele ngokweqile, ochwepheshe batusa ukulahlekelwa isisindo. Ngisho noma ukulahlekelwa kukuncane, ukuncipha kwesisindo kunganciphisa ingozi yesifo sikashukela sokukhulelwa. Iya kuchwepheshe wezempilo ukuze uthole ukuthi yisiphi isisindo esinempilo okufanele usifinyelele ukuze ugweme noma yiziphi izinkinga ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa.