Nakuba sesivalelisa ebusika, ukushintsha kwezinga lokushisa kuqala ukulimaza imikhuhlane nomkhuhlane. Iningi lethu lithatha izinyathelo zokuphepha (kanye nengqondo evamile), njengokugeza izandla nokugwema ukuthintana nabantu abanaleli gciwane. Noma kunjalo, kunzima ukuthi ngokuchayeka kumagciwane abandayo kanye nomkhuhlane sikwazi ukugwema ukugula ngo-100%.
Ukuzilapha akukaze kube yindlela enhle, yingakho abanye abantu bephendukela emakhambi emvelo ukuvimbela noma ukunciphisa isikhathi somkhuhlane. Amagciwane akhona yonke indawo (umsebenzi, isikole, izithuthi zomphakathi), ngakho-ke kunzima ukugwema ukutheleleka. Ngisho noma yiliphi ilungu lomndeni lingakuthelela.
Isikhathi esibandayo nesomkhuhlane siqala ngoDisemba kuya kuMeyi. Uma ungenwa yinkontileka noma yikuphi, asikho isidingo sokusebenzisa imishanguzo etholakala ngaphandle kwekhawunta ukuze uvimbe ikhala elivalekile, umphimbo obuhlungu, ukukhwehlela, noma umkhuhlane. Ngezansi sidalula konke odinga ukukwazi ngazo zombili izifo.
Sazi kanjani ukuthi umkhuhlane noma umkhuhlane?
Kunezibalo zomhlaba ezithi umuntu ngamunye omdala angaba nemikhuhlane emibili noma emithathu ngonyaka, kanti ezinganeni isibalo sikhuphuka sifinyelele ku-2. Kuyiqiniso ukuthi zombili izifo ziyefana futhi azijabulisi neze, kodwa kunomehluko othile phakathi komkhuhlane nomkhuhlane.
El kubanda Ukutheleleka ngegciwane okuyingozi, okuzikhawulele kuphela komgudu wokuphefumula ophezulu. Kungabangelwa amagciwane ahlukene angaphezu kuka-200, kanti i-coronavirus kanye nobhejane kuyimbangela evame kakhulu. Ngenxa yokuthi maningi amagciwane, umzimba unobunzima bokudala ukumelana nawo. Eqinisweni, alikabikho “ikhambi” lomkhuhlane ojwayelekile. Lokhu kusakazwa ngokuthintana mathupha nomuntu onegciwane, lapho sithinta into engcoliswe ngokuyibamba noma ngokuthimula noma izinhlayiyana zokukhwehlela.
Esikhundleni salokho, i- umkhuhlane isifo esithathelwanayo segciwane lesandulela ngculazi esidala ukugula okumaphakathi kuya kokuqina. Kunezinhlobo ezine zamagciwane omkhuhlane: A, B, C, kanye no-D. Abantu bahlaselwa ngokuyinhloko amagciwane omkhuhlane A no-B; babhekene nezifo eziwumshayabhuqe njalo ebusika. Uhlobo C lubangela isifo sokuphefumula esithambile futhi uhlobo D lungena ezinkomeni, ngakho lezi ezimbili akufanele neze zisikhathaze.
Njengomkhuhlane, umkhuhlane usakazwa yizinhlayiyana ezitholakala emoyeni ezitheleleke ngegciwane uma abantu bekhuluma, bekhwehlela noma bethimula. Umuntu mancane amathuba okuthi atheleleke ngokuthinta indawo enegciwane.
Ingabe imithi yokugoma iwusizo kunoma yini?
Umuthi wokugomela umkhuhlane uyatholakala emitholampilo nasemakhemisi, nakuba ingxenye yabantu kuphela enconywayo ukuthi iwuthole (mahhala). Okugqamayo wukuthi ucwaningo lwakamuva bonisa ukuthi kubonakala sengathi ayisebenzi ngendlela esicabanga ngayo. Mhlawumbe umgomo ungase ube nemiphumela emibi esingayazi.
Umuthi wokugomela umkhuhlane, osebenza ngempela ngenkathi eyodwa, ungandisa ingozi yokuba nomkhuhlane kamuva. Lokhu kungenxa yenqubo ebizwa ngokuthi 'i-antibody-dependent enhancement', futhi kwenzeka lapho ama-antibody-antibody complexes azijwayeza kumaseli, ngokuvamile ngemva kokuba umuntu egonyiwe. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukuthola isibhamu somkhuhlane kunganciphisa ukusebenza kahle kokugoma okulandelayo futhi kwandise amathuba okuthi uthelele abanye.
Ukusebenza komgomo kusesengxoxweni ephelele. Isayensi iye yaphawula eyodwa kuphela umphumela onesizotha womuthi wokugomela ukwehlisa izimpawu zomkhuhlane ezinganeni, abadala kanye nasebekhulile.
Nakuba kwabaningi bethu umkhuhlane uyinkinga yesikhashana, kunemikhakha ethile yabantu esengozini enkulu yezempilo. Abanye babo yilaba: abasebenzi bezempilo abathintana ngqo neziguli, abaphethwe yisifuba somoya, abantu abanamasosha omzimba asengozini kanye nabantu asebekhulile.
Kuthiwani ngemithi yomkhuhlane nomkhuhlane?
Ingabe sincike emithini uma sibona izimpawu ezithile? Ngingalokotha ngithi yebo. Lapho nje sinezimpawu zokuqala zomkhuhlane noma umkhuhlane, sivame ukuya ekhemisi ukuze sithole ama-decongestants, anti-inflammatory noma antihistamines. Noma kunjalo, Isayensi iqinisekisa ukuthi le mithi ayenzi lutho ukunciphisa ubude besifo noma ukuvimbela ukuqala kwaso. Kalula nje cindezela izimpawu.
Ingabe ama-antibiotics ayasiza?
Basekhona odokotela abanikeza ama-antibiotics kubantu abanomkhuhlane noma umkhuhlane. Imithi elwa namagciwane iye yaboniswa ukuthi ivimbela noma ibulale izifo ezibangelwa amagciwane, okuwenza angabi namsebenzi ezifweni ezibangelwa amagciwane. Cishe amaphesenti angama-25 emithi elwa namagciwane enqunyiwe yenziwa ngendlela engafanele; futhi u-35% unikezwa iziguli (ngokuvamile izingane) ezinezifo eziphezulu zokuphefumula, i-sinusitis, nekhanda elibuhlungu. Ubuhlungu bomphimbo, ngokwezinga elikhulu, umsuka wegciwane futhi awubangelwa amagciwane.
Uma sinikezwe ama-antibiotics ngokungakhethi, singadala ukumelana nawo futhi sidale inkinga yomphakathi. Ukuvimbela lokhu ukuthi kungenzeki, kufanele sinciphise kakhulu ukusetshenziswa kwayo, ikakhulukazi uma sikuthatha ezimweni lapho singakudingi khona, njengomkhuhlane nomkhuhlane.