Umzimba wethu unama-asidi ahlukene afeza imisebenzi ethile. I-pH yesisu ibonakala ingenamsebenzi, kodwa ukungcola ku-acidity yayo kungabangela izinkinga zempilo.
I-asidi yesisu, noma i-gastric acid, iwuketshezi olungenambala, olunamanzi olukhiqizwa ulwelwesi lwesisu. Ine-asidi kakhulu futhi isiza ukuphula ukudla ukuze kugayeke kalula. Lokhu kusiza umzimba ukumunca umsoco kalula njengoba ukudla kuhamba emgudwini wokugaya ukudla.
Ukuze uhlukanise yonke into kusukela enyameni kuya emifino eqinile, ene-fibrous, i-asidi yesisu kufanele ibe ne-asidi kakhulu. Umzimba uklanyelwe ukuphatha amazinga ajwayelekile e-asidi esiswini ukuze angasibangeli izifo noma izinkinga zempilo. Ngezinye izikhathi, nokho, lezo zinhlelo ziyehluleka. Ukuba nezijusi zesisu ezinamazinga aphansi noma aphezulu e-asidi kungaba yinkinga.
Ukwakheka kwamakhemikhali kwejusi yesisu
Uketshezi olungaphakathi esiswini lubizwa ngokuthi yi-gastric juice. Akuyona nje i-asidi futhi iqukethe ama-enzyme, kodwa iyingxube eyinkimbinkimbi yamakhemikhali ahlukahlukene. Ikakhulukazi, yakhiwe:
- Amanzi: Amanzi awayithinti i-pH yesisu, kodwa anikeza uketshezi olwanele ukuze ukudla, ama-enzyme, nama-asidi kuhlangane kalula. Amanye ama-enzyme adinga amanzi ukuze asebenze.
- Isibungu: Amafinyila (noma amafinyila) akhiqizwa amaseli emlonyeni, emmizweni nasesiswini. Kwenza kube lula ukudlula kokudla emgudwini wamathumbu futhi kuvikele ulwelwesi lwesisu ekuhlaselweni yi-asidi. Amaseli entamo aphinde akhiphe i-bicarbonate, evimbela i-asidi futhi ilawule i-pH.
- I-Hydrochloric acid: Le asidi enamandla ikhiqizwa amangqamuzana e-parietal esiswini. Ibulala amagciwane kanye namanye amagciwane angaba khona ekudleni futhi iguqule i-enzyme i-pepsinogen ibe yi-pepsin, ehlephula amaprotheni esibili nasezingeni eliphakeme abe ama-molecule amancane, agayeka kalula.
- I-Pepsinogen: I-Pepsinogen ikhiqizwa amaseli ayinhloko wesisu. Uma isicushiwe nge-pH ephansi, isiza ukugaya amaprotheni.
- Ama-hormone nama-electrolyte: Ijusi yesisu nayo iqukethe amahomoni nama-electrolyte, asiza ekusebenzeni kwezitho zomzimba, ukugaya ukudla, nokumuncwa kwemisoco. Amaseli e-Enteroendocrine akhiqiza amahomoni amaningi.
- i-lipase yesisu: Lena i-enzyme ekhiqizwa amangqamuzana ayinhloko esisu esiza ukudiliza amafutha ane-short-chain kanye ne-medium-chain.
- isici sangaphakathi: amangqamuzana e-parietal esisu akhiqiza i-intrinsic factor, edingekayo ukuze kufakwe uvithamini B-12.
- I-Amylase: I-Amylase iyi-enzyme etholakala ngokuyinhloko ematheni, lapho isebenza khona ukuphula ama-carbohydrate. Itholakala esiswini ngoba kugwinywe amathe nokudla, kodwa i-pH ephansi iyayivala. I-amylase eyengeziwe ikhiqizwa emathunjini amancane.
Isenzo somshini sokuvukuza kwesisu sihlanganisa yonke into ndawonye kwakheka lokho okubizwa chyme. Ekugcineni, i-chyme iyaphuma esiswini futhi igaywe emathunjini amancane ukuze i-asidi ingabi namandla, ukugaya kuqhubeke, futhi izakhi zimunce.
Iqine kangakanani i-asidi yesisu?
I-asidi yesisu yenza izinto eziningi egameni lomzimba. Kuhlephula ukudla esikudlayo kube yizinhlayiya okulula ukugayeka. Isebenza futhi njengomugqa wokuqala wokuzivikela kuma-pathogens namagciwane angasenza sigule. Lezi zenzo zidinga uketshezi olune-asidi. Kodwa kanjani i-asidi?
Ukuze siqonde ngempela ukuthi i-asidi yesisu iqine kangakanani, sizodinga kuqala ukwazi ukuthi izinga le-asidi loketshezi lilinganiswa kanjani. I-Acidity ilinganiswa ngesilinganiso se-pH. Lesi sikali sisuka ku-0 siye ku-14. Lapho liphansi izinga le-pH, liqina izinga le-asidi yoketshezi.
Isibonelo, uketshezi olune-asidi oluncane luse-14 futhi lubizwa ngokuthi uketshezi lwe-alkaline. Phakathi nendawo, ku-7.0, kukhona uketshezi olungathathi hlangothi, njengamanzi ahlanzekile. I-asidi yesisu ine-pH ephakathi kuka-1 no-2.. Ngakho-ke i-acidic impela. Khumbula ukuthi i-asidi yesisu, nebhalansi yayo ye-pH iphuzu elilodwa kuphela noma amabili ephakeme kune-asidi yebhethri, ingenza umonakalo omkhulu kwezinye zezinto eziqine kakhulu, njengethambo namazinyo. .
Izimpawu ze-hydrochloric acid ephansi
Kuvamile ukuthi izinga le-asidi lesisu liguquguquke ngezikhathi ezithile. Izimo ezithile, njengemithi nokucindezeleka, zingaphazamisa lolu ketshezi olubalulekile. Lokho kungavimbela umzimba ekwenzeni i-hydrochloric acid eningi.
Izimpawu zamazinga aphansi e-HCl
Uma lokhu kwenzeka, singase siqale ukuba nezimpawu ezinjengokubhodla, ukuqunjelwa, isisu esibuhlungu, isilungulela, isifo sohudo, ukungagayeki kahle kokudla, isicanucanu nokuhlanza, igesi, noma ukuqothuka kwezinwele. Kodwa uma i-asidi yesisu iphansi njalo, singase sibe nesimo esibizwa ngokuthi i-hypochlorhydria.
Izinkinga zamazinga e-asidi aphansi njalo zingaba nkulu kakhulu. Izigaba zokuqala zalesi simo zingabangela ubunzima bokugaya ukudla kanye nokumunca imisoco edingwa umzimba wakho ukuze usebenze kahle.
Uma ingelashwa, ingalimaza uhlelo lwamathumbu futhi yandise ingozi yezifo kanye nezinkinga zempilo ezingapheli.
Ukwelashwa kwamazinga aphansi e-HCl
Ukwelashwa okuqondile kwamajusi wesisu ane-asidi ephansi kuzoncika kumbangela okungenzeka. Udokotela angase anikeze isithasiselo se-hydrochloric acid ukwandisa izinga le-pH le-asidi yesisu. Ungakwazi futhi ukunikeza imithi nge-enzyme i-pepsin, okuyi-enzyme ebangela ukwanda kwe-asidi esiswini.
Okunye ukwelashwa kuhlanganisa ama-antibiotics ukwelapha ukutheleleka okucashile, ukudla okuthuthukisiwe kanye nokwengeza okwengeziwe, ukuphathwa kwemithi, noma amasu okunciphisa ukucindezeleka.
Izimpawu ze-hydrochloric acid ephezulu
Uma izinga le-asidi kumajusi wesisu liphezulu kakhulu, amafinyila asesiswini angase angasebenzi. Amazinga aphezulu e-asidi yesisu angaholela ezinkingeni eziningi ezifana nezilonda zesisu, i-acid reflux, noma isifo se-reflux ye-gastroesophageal (GERD).
Izimpawu zamazinga aphezulu e-HCl
Izimpawu ezisobala kakhulu zamazinga aphezulu e-asidi esiswini yilezi:
- Isicanucanu noma ukuhlanza
- Ukuvuvukala
- Ukungaphatheki kahle kwesisu (kungase kube kubi kakhulu esiswini esingenalutho)
- uhudo
- Umswakama
- Ukuncipha kwesifiso sokudla noma ukuncipha kwesisindo okungachazeki.
Ukwelashwa Kwamazinga Aphezulu e-HCl
I-asidi ephezulu esiswini ivame ukwelashwa ngemithi. I-Proton pump inhibitors isebenza ukunciphisa i-asidi yesisu. Udokotela wakho angakunikeza lawa ma-inhibitors yedwa, kodwa ngezinye izikhathi anikezwa neminye imithi.
Okunye zokwelapha kuzoncika ekubangeni okusolekayo kwalawa mazinga e-asidi ephezulu. Lokhu kwelashwa kungase kuhlanganise ama-antibiotics, izinguquko zokudla, noma ukuhlinzwa ukuze kukhishwe izimila, ingxenye yesisu (gastrectomy), noma i-vagus nerve (vagotomy).
Izimbangela zokuguquguquka kwe-pH yesisu
Izimo eziningi, imithi, kanye nezici zokuphila kungabangela ukushintshashintsha kwezinga lakho le-asidi. Nakuba ukuguquguquka okuthile kuvamile, akuzona zonke.
Ukwengeza, amazinga e-asidi aphansi noma aphezulu angaba yinkinga empilweni nasenhlalakahleni. Ukufuna ukwelashwa kungavimbela izinkinga zesikhathi eside.
Amazinga e-HCl aphansi
Izimo ezithile zandisa ingozi yamazinga e-asidi aphansi. Lezi zici zobungozi yilezi:
- Ukuzalwa ngaphambi kwesikhathi
- Iba ngaphezulu kweminyaka engu-65
- Uhlinzwe isisu
- Ukuthola amazinga aphezulu okucindezeleka
- Ukuntuleka komsoco, ikakhulukazi i-zinc
- Ukuba nokutheleleka okubangelwa i-H. pylori
- Isifo esingamahlalakhona
Amazinga aphezulu e-HCl
Kukhona futhi izici ezithile ezingandisa amathuba okuba namazinga aphezulu e-asidi esiswini. Lokhu kubandakanya:
- Ukukhiqizwa ngokweqile kwamahomoni athile aziwa ngokubangela ukukhiqizwa kwe-asidi yesisu
- Ukukhiqizwa kabusha kwe-asidi yesisu ngemuva kokumisa izidakamizwa ezinciphisa i-asidi esiswini
- H. pylori ukutheleleka
- Ukuvinjelwa kokuphuma kwesisu
- Izimila (kodwa lokhu akuvamile)