Lapho izithunzi ezikhazimulayo zombala oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, obomvu, oluhlaza okotshani, ophuzi nonsomi ephendula amakhekhe, ama-donuts namaswidi enze imisebenzi yobuciko, kunzima ukumelana nakho. Kodwa ngemuva kokukhanga okumibalabala kwalokhu kudla kukhona uhlangothi olumnyama. Kule minyaka eyishumi edlule, kuye kwaba nokukhathazeka okwandayo mayelana nezingozi zempilo ezingaba khona zokusebenzisa imibala yokudla okwenziwa ngayo.
Ngokungafani nemibala yokudla yemvelo, eyenziwe ngemifino, izithelo nezinongo, izithasiselo zombala zokwenziwa (ezaziwa nangokuthi zokwenziwa) zitholakala ku-petroleum futhi ziyacwengwa futhi zihlolwe kuze kube yilapho zingasenawo umkhondo we-petroleum, ngokusho kwe-American Chemical Society.
Yimiphi imibala yokwenziwa esetshenziswa ekudleni?
Izithasiselo zombala zengezwa ekudleni ngenxa yezizathu ezahlukahlukene, okuhlanganisa ukunxephezela ukulahleka kombala ngenxa yokuchayeka ekukhanyeni, emoyeni, nezinga lokushisa, nokulungisa nokuthuthukisa imibala yemvelo. Izithasiselo zombala esizibona ekudleni zidlule kunqubo eqinile yokuqinisekisa ukuze zigunyazwe ukuphepha, futhi kunezinhlobo ezimbili.
- Odayi: Odayi bafika kuzimpushana, ama-granules, noketshezi futhi bancibilike kalula emanzini. Laba badayi bavame ukutholakala ezintweni ezibhakwayo, eziphuzweni nasemikhiqizo yobisi.
- I-Lagos: amachibi ayizinhlobo zikadayi ezingancibiliki emanzini. Amachibi alungele ukudla okungcolisayo okuvame ukuba namafutha amaningi namafutha. Uswidi, ushingamu, izithasiselo, nezinye izingxube zamakhekhe zisebenzisa amachibi esikhundleni sikadayi.
Nazi izithasiselo zombala zokwenziwa eziyisishiyagalolunye eziqinisekisiwe ezigunyazwe ukusetshenziswa kumalebula esithako:
- I-FD&C Blue No. 1
- I-FD&C Blue No. 2
- I-FD&C Green No. 3
- I-FD&C Red No. 3
- I-FD&C Red No. 40
- I-FD&C Yellow No. 5
- I-FD&C Yellow No. 6
- I-Orange B
- I-Citrus Red No. 2
Kodwa kunezithasiselo ezithile zombala ezingagunyaziwe ekutholeni izitifiketi, futhi le mibala itholakala emithonjeni yemvelo, njengesitshalo, amaminerali, noma isilwane. Nakuba zikhululekile, lezi zithako zisabhekwa njengezithasiselo zombala zokwenziwa futhi kufanele zihlangabezane nezidingo zokulawula.
Ezinye izibonelo zihlanganisa:
- I-Annatto extract (yellow)
- Ama-beet omisiwe (obomvu-obomvu kuya kunsundu)
- I-Caramel (ophuzi kuya ku-tan)
- I-Beta-carotene (ophuzi ukuya kuwolintshi)
- Ukukhishwa kwesikhumba samagilebhisi (okubomvu, okuluhlaza)
Kungani odayi abatholakala ngokwemvelo bebhekwa njengokwenziwa?
Ngokusho kwe-FDA, ezinye izithako ezitholakala emvelweni (ezifana nama-beet namagilebhisi) zingakhiqizwa kakhulu ngokomnotho elabhorethri. Lezi zinhlobo zemibala yokudla ngokuvamile azixhunywanga nemiphumela emibi ehlotshaniswa neminye imibala yokwenziwa.
Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi ukhathazekile ngemibala yokudla okwenziwa noma cha, okubalulekile ukuthi ungazithathela isinqumo unolwazi lapho ufuna lezi zithako zombala ekudleni kwakho. Imibala yokwenziwa ayitholakali kuphela kumaswidi namakhekhe; zibuye zisetshenziswe koshizi, amasoso, iyogathi, ukudla okupakishiwe, ukudla okulula, neziphuzo.
Enye yezingqinamba zemibala yokudla okwenziwa ukudla okusetshenziswa kukho. Ngokuvamile banayo a ezinoshukela omningi, zine-fiber encane kakhulu futhi zingaqukatha ezinye izithako ezicutshungulwe ngokweqile.
Ingabe kufanele ngikhathazeke ngokufakwa kombala kokudla?
Ubudlelwano ne-allergies
Nakuba i-FDA isaseseka isinqumo sokuthi imibala yokwenziwa, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi yenziwe umuntu noma etholakala emithonjeni yokudla yemvelo, iphephile kubathengi, isayensi ibonise izinhlanganisela ezithile, njengalezo ezitholakala ku-FD&C Yellow No 5, kubangele ukulunywa kanye nesifuba.
Nakuba usayizi wesampula wocwaningo ubumncane, kubalulekile ukuthi abantu abazwelayo bakwazi lokhu.
I-American Academy of Allergy, Asthma and Immunology ithi nakuba ezinye izifundo ziye zahlobanisa odayi bokudla nezimpawu zokungezwani komzimba nezinto ezithile, ukusabela ngokuvamile kuyivelakancane kakhulu. Isibonelo, ucwaningo lwangaphambili lwangoJulayi 2000, olushicilelwe ku-Journal of Clinical Psychiatry, lubonisa ukuxhumana okuthile phakathi kwe-FD&C yellow No. 5, eyaziwa nangokuthi i-tartrazine, kanye nokungezwani komzimba.
Abacwaningi bathi iziguli ze-2.210, ezazichayeke emithini ye-psychotropic ene-tartrazine, zaqala ukungezwani komzimba, kodwa futhi zaphawula ukuthi ezinye zeziguli zazinomlando wokungezwani komzimba ne-tartrazine kanye nokuzwela kwe-aspirin.
Ukwengeza, ucwaningo oluncane lwangoMashi 2014 lwabantu abayi-100, olushicilelwe ku-Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology: In Practice, lwathola ukuthi iphesenti elilodwa kuphela leziguli ezine-urticaria engapheli zibonise izimpawu ngemuva kokuvezwa ku-tartrazine nezinye izithasiselo zokudla.
Isixhumanisi sezinkinga zokuziphatha ezinganeni
I-Center for Science in the Public Interest (CSPI), okuyiqembu elimela abathengi elikhuthaza ukudla okunomsoco, ukuphepha kokudla, kanye nempilo, yenze ucwaningo olunzulu ngemibala yokudla futhi iphinde yathola izixhumanisi zemibala yokudla okwenziwa kanye nezinkinga zokuziphatha ezinganeni.
Ucwaningo lwangaphambilini luphinde lwaveza ukukhathazeka mayelana ne hyperactivity ezinganeni abadla odayi bokudla abathile.
Ngenxa yalokhu kukhathazeka ngezempilo, i-CSPI yacela ngokusemthethweni i-FDA ukuthi ivimbele ukusetshenziswa kwemibala yokudla okwenziwa ekudleni ngo-2008. Kodwa-ke, isibuyekezwe yi-FDA futhi yathola ukuthi lezi zifundo azizange zibonise ukuxhumana phakathi kwezithasiselo zombala ezazikhona. ihlolwe kanye nemiphumela yokuziphatha.
Ngokwesibonelo, ucwaningo lwango-August 2005, olwanyatheliswa kuyi-Archives of Disease in Children, olwaluhlanganisa nezingane ezingu-1,873, lwabika. ukuncipha okuphawulekayo kokusebenza ngokweqile ezinganeni lapho umbala wokwenziwa wokudla ususwa ekudleni kwazo. Abazali bezingane baphinde babika ukwanda kokusebenza ngokweqile lapho bephuza iziphuzo ezinemibala yokwenziwa.
I-CSPI iphinda icaphune ucwaningo oluningi olugqamisa ubuthi kanye nemiphumela ye-carcinogenic yemibala yokudla yokwenziwa embikweni kaJuni 2010, Amadayi Okudla: A Rainbow of Risks. Kodwa-ke, kufanelekile ukuqaphela ukuthi izifundo eziningi zenziwa ngamagundane.
Ngenxa yalokhu kukhathazeka ngezempilo, i-CSPI icele ngokusemthethweni i-FDA ukuthi ivimbele ukusetshenziswa kwemibala yokudla okwenziwayo, efana noYellow 5 kanye ne-Red 60, ekudleni ngo-2008.
Kuthiwani ngemibala yokudla yemvelo?
Uma ukhathazekile ngemibala yokudla yokwenziwa, manje sekunemibala eyahlukene yemvelo, yokudla okusekelwe ezitshalweni ongayithenga esitolo. Eminye yale mibala yokudla yenziwa ngezithako ezifana nejusi yesithombo ebomvu, i-spirulina extract, kanye ne-turmeric extract.
Ngokuyisisekelo, uma into ifika ezandleni zakho lapho uyisika, ingangcolisa ukudla kwakho. Inzuzo ukuthi libuye lisho ukuthi licebile kuma-antioxidants. Kodwa-ke, kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuthi imibala yokudla yemvelo isaqukethe izithako ezicutshunguliwe ukusiza ukugcina umbala wazo.
'Ukucutshungulwa' akulona igama lokwesaba, kodwa ikakhulukazi qaphela indlela ukudla okuthile okucutshungulwa ngayo ukuze uqiniseke ukuthi kuhambisana nendlela yakho yokudla. Njenganoma yini, amaswidi enziwe ngemibala yokudla yemvelo noma okokwenziwa kufanele adliwe ngokulinganisela.
Ungawenza kanjani umbala wakho wemvelo wokudla?
Imibala yokudla yemvelo yenza kube lula ukuphinda udale eziningi zezimpahla ezibhakiwe ezimibalabala nokudla okulula okuthandayo ekhaya, kodwa kuvame ukubiza kakhulu kunezokwenziwa. Isixazululo esilula ukwenza umbala wokudla wemvelo. usebenzisa imifino nezithelo, ezingezona kuphela ezingenazo izithako zokwenziwa, kodwa ziyi igcwele izakhamzimba namaminerali athuthukisa impilo.
Isibonelo, ungasebenzisa isipinashi ukuze unikeze umbala oluhlaza; amajikijolo omisiwe zasendle for azul; beet for a mnyama pink noma onsomi; ama-strawberries omisiwe omisiwe obomvu noma rose; kanye ne-turmeric ye ophuzi.