I-Bronchitis kukucaphuka kunye nokudumba kweendlela zomoya ezithatha umoya ophuma ngaphakathi nangaphandle emiphungeni. Ngokuqhelekileyo siyayiqaphela ngokukhwehlela okuqhubekayo kunye nokuveliswa kwe-mucus esifubeni. Ngaba sisifo esosulelayo?
I-Bronchitis sisifo esihlala ixesha elifutshane esidla ngokuba sisiphumo sosulelo lwentsholongwane kwaye asifuni nyango lokubulala iintsholongwane. Sinokuchacha kwithuba leentsuku ukuya kwiiveki.
Yintoni na?
I-bronchi ithwala umoya ukusuka kwi-trachea ukuya kwimiphunga. Xa le mibhobho idumba, i-mucus inokwakheka. Le meko ibizwa ngokuba yibronchitis, kwaye ibangela iimpawu ezinokuquka ukukhohlela, ukuphefumla nzima, nomkhuhlane ophantsi.
I-bronchitis inokuba yeentlobo ezimbini:
- La bukhali idla ngokuhlala ngaphantsi kweentsuku ezili-10, kodwa ukhohlokhohlo lusenokuqhubeka iiveki ezininzi.
- La ezingapheliyo, kwelinye icala, inokuhlala iiveki eziliqela kwaye ngokuqhelekileyo ibuya. Le meko ixhaphake kakhulu kubantu abane-asthma okanye i-emphysema.
Izizathu
Iimbangela ze-bronchitis ezibukhali ziquka usulelo lwentsholongwane kunye nebhaktiriya, iimeko zokusingqongileyo, kunye nezinye iimeko zemiphunga.
- Usulelo lwentsholongwane: Iintsholongwane zibangela i-85 ukuya kwi-95 ekhulwini yeemeko ze-bronchitis ebukhali kubantu abadala. Iintsholongwane ezifanayo ezibangela ukubanda okuqhelekileyo okanye umkhuhlane unokubangela inguqu ebukhali.
- Usulelo lweBacteria: Kwiimeko ezinqabileyo, i-bronchitis yebhaktheriya inokukhula emva kosulelo lwentsholongwane ye-bronchitis. Oku kunokubangelwa lusulelo olubangelwa ziintsholongwane ezifana neMycoplasma pneumoniae, Chlamydia pneumoniae, kunye neBordetella pertussis (ebangela ukhohlokhohlo).
- iyacaphukisa: Ukuphefumla izinto ezicaphukisayo ezifana nomphunga, i-pollen, okanye umphunga wamakhemikhali kunokubangela ukuvuvukala kwi-trachea kunye ne-bronchi. Oku kunokukhokelela kwi-bronchitis ebukhali.
- Ezinye iimeko zemiphunga: Abantu abanohlobo olungapheliyo okanye isifo sombefu ngamanye amaxesha baba ne-bronchitis ebukhali. Kwezi meko, i-acute ayinakwenzeka ukuba yosulele ngenxa yokuba ayibangelwa sisifo.
Iimpawu
Iimpawu zokuqala ze-bronchitis ezibukhali ziyafana nezo zengqele okanye umkhuhlane.
Oko kukuthi, iimpawu zokuqala zihlala:
- Impumlo enemifinya
- Umqala obuhlungu
- Cansancio
- Ukuthimla
- Ukukhawuleza
- Zive ubanda ngokulula
- Umqolo kunye neentlungu zemisipha
- Umkhuhlane ukusuka kuma-37.7°C ukuya kuma-38°C
Emva kosulelo lokuqala, ukhohlokhohlo luya kuvela. Ukukhohlela kuya kuba komile ekuqaleni kwaye emva koko kuvelise, oku kuthetha ukuba kuya kuvelisa i-mucus. Ukhohlokhohlo olunemveliso lolona phawu luqhelekileyo lwe-bronchitis ebukhali kwaye lunokuhlala naphi na ukusuka kwiintsuku ezili-10 ukuya kwiiveki ezintathu.
Olunye uphawu onokuthi uluqaphele utshintsho lombala kwi-mucus, ukusuka kumhlophe ukuya eluhlaza okanye ephuzi. Oku akuthethi ukuba usulelo yintsholongwane okanye ibhaktheriya. Kuthetha nje ukuba amajoni omzimba asebenzela ukulwa nawo.
Nangona kunjalo, kukho ezinye iimpawu ezinokuthi zivelise isilumkiso. Kufuneka silumke ukuba kukho ukwehla kobunzima obungachazwanga, ukukhohlela okunzulu, ukuphefumla nzima, intlungu yesifuba, umkhuhlane ongama-38°C okanye ngaphezulu kunye nokhohlokhohlo oluthatha ngaphezu kweentsuku ezili-10. Kule meko, kucetyiswa ukuba uye kwigumbi likaxakeka kugqirha.
Los bantwana banokuba ne-acute bronchitis kunye nosulelo kwaye kunqabile ukuba umntwana abe nezifo ezingapheliyo. Ukongeza kwiimpawu eziqhelekileyo ze-bronchitis ebukhali, abantwana badla ngokugabha nge-bronchitis ebukhali kuba banokuginya isikhohlela. Ukugabha kusenokwenzeka ngesiquphe nangaphandle kwesilumkiso, kunye nokhohlokhohlo olubambe umlomo.
Unyango
Ngaphandle kokuba iimpawu zinzima, akukho nto ingako inokwenziwa ngugqirha ukunyanga i-bronchitis ebukhali. Kwiimeko ezininzi, unyango lubandakanya ubukhulu becala ukhathalelo lwasekhaya.
unyango lwasekhaya
La manyathelo kufuneka ancede ukunciphisa iimpawu njengoko sisiya singcono:
- Ukuthatha amayeza angekho steroidal achasene nokudumba, afana ne-ibuprofen kunye ne-naproxen, anokuthomalalisa umqala obuhlungu.
- Fumana i-humidifier ukudala ukufuma emoyeni. Oku kunokunceda ukukhulula i-mucus kwiimpumlo zakho kunye nesifuba, kube lula ukuphefumla.
- Sela iziselo ezininzi, ezifana namanzi okanye iti, ukuze unciphise umfinya. Oku kwenza kube lula ukuyikhohlela okanye ukuyivuthela ngeempumlo.
- Yongeza i-ginger kwiti okanye emanzini ashushu. I-Ginger yinto echasayo yendalo enokuthi ithobe i-bronchial tubes enomsindo kunye ne-inflamed.
- Yitya ubusi obumnyama ukuthomalalisa ukhohlokhohlo. Ubusi buphinde buthobe umqala kwaye buneempawu ze-antiviral kunye ne-antibacterial.
Ezi ngcebiso zinokunceda ukunciphisa iimpawu ezininzi, kodwa ukuba uphefumla okanye uphefumle kancinci, kuyacetyiswa ukuba uthethe nogqirha. Ugqirha usenokukumisela amayeza okusezela umoya ukuze ancede uvule imijelo yomoya.
antibiotics kwi-bronchitis
Xa siziva sigula, sinokulindela ukuba ugqirha asinike iyeza lokusenza sizive bhetele.
Nangona kunjalo, kubalulekile ukwazi ukuba i-antibiotics ayikhuthazwa kubantu abane-bronchitis enzima. Uninzi lweemeko zesimo zibangelwa ziintsholongwane, kwaye amayeza okubulala iintsholongwane awasebenzi ngokuchasene neentsholongwane, ngoko ke amayeza akanakukunceda.
Nangona kunjalo, ukuba sine-bronchitis ebukhali kunye nomngcipheko ophezulu we-pneumonia, ugqirha wethu unokumisela i-antibiotics ngexesha lokubanda kunye nomkhuhlane. Oku kungenxa yokuba i-bronchitis ebukhali inokukhula ibe yinyumoniya, kwaye amayeza okubulala iintsholongwane anokunceda ukuthintela oku kungenzeki.
I-Acute bronchitis vs inyumoniya
Zombini ibronchitis kunye nenyumoniya lusulelo kwimiphunga. Emibini yowona mahluko uphambili phakathi kwezi meko kukuba yintoni ebangela ukuba ibe yeyiphi indawo yemiphunga eziyichaphazelayo.
Ibronchitis idla ngokubangelwa ziintsholongwane, kodwa inokubangelwa nayibhaktheriya okanye izinto ezicaphukisayo. Nangona kunjalo, inyumoniya idla ngokubangelwa ziintsholongwane, kodwa inokubangelwa nazintsholongwane okanye ezinye iintsholongwane.
Ngakolunye uhlangothi, i-bronchitis ibangela ukuvuvukala kwi-bronchi. Ezi zityhubhu eziqhagamshelwe kuqhoqhoqho ohambisa umoya emiphungeni yakho. Zisebenza kwiityhubhu ezincinci ezibizwa ngokuba yi-bronchioles. Kunoko, inyumoniya ibangela ukuvuvukala kwi-alveoli. Ezi ziingxowa ezincinci eziphelweni zebronchioles.
Unyango lwahlukile kwezi meko zimbini, ngoko kuyacetyiswa ukuba uthethe nogqirha ukwenza uxilongo oluchanekileyo.
Ungakhusela njani?
I-bronchitis eyingozi kakhulu iyasulela. Oku kungenxa yokuba kubangelwa lusulelo lwexesha elifutshane olunokusasazeka ukusuka komnye umntu ukuya komnye. Usulelo lunokusasazeka ngamathontsi omfinya akhutshwa ngokukhohlela, ukuthimla, okanye ukuthetha. I-bronchitis engapheliyo, kwelinye icala, ayisuleli kuba ayibangelwa sisifo. Kunoko, kubangelwa ukudumba kwexesha elide, okudla ngokuba sisiphumo sezinto ezicaphukisayo ezifana nokutshaya. Kwakhona, ukudumba akunako ukudluliselwa komnye umntu.
Akukho ndlela yokuthintela ngokupheleleyo i-bronchitis ebukhali kuba inezizathu ezahlukeneyo. Nangona kunjalo, sinokuwunciphisa umngcipheko ngokulandela la macebiso:
- Lala ngokwaneleyo.
- Kuphephe ukubamba umlomo, impumlo okanye amehlo ukuba sikufutshane nabantu abane-bronchitis.
- Kuphephe ukwabelana ngeeglasi okanye izitya.
- Geza izandla zakho rhoqo kwaye ngokucokisekileyo, ngakumbi ngexesha elibandayo.
- Yeka ukutshaya okanye uphephe icuba.
- Yitya ukutya okunokulinganisela ukugcina umzimba usempilweni kangangoko.
- Gonyelwa umkhuhlane, inyumoniya kunye nokhohlokhohlo.
- Nciphisa ukuba sesichengeni kwizinto ezicaphukisa emoyeni ezifana nothuli, umsi wekhemikhali, kunye nezinye izinto ezingcolisa umoya. Nxiba imaski, ukuba kuyimfuneko.
Iingxaki
Kukho iingxaki ezininzi ze-bronchitis, kodwa aziqhelekanga. Iingxaki zinokuthi zenzeke nge-bronchitis engapheliyo okanye ebukhali, kodwa kunokwenzeka ukuba yenzeke ngenxa ye-bronchitis engapheliyo ngenxa yefuthe elide lesi sifo.
- Usulelo: Sinokuba sesichengeni ngakumbi solunye usulelo lwendlela yokuphefumla ukuba une-bronchitis. Ukuba sifumana olunye usulelo ngelixa sine-bronchitis ebukhali, inokulibazisa ukuchacha. Ukuba sihlakulela isifo sokuphefumula xa sine-bronchitis engapheliyo, oku kunokukhokelela ekuhlaselweni kwe-bronchitis enzima ngaphezu kwesifo esingapheliyo. Isiqendu se-bronchitis esibukhali sinokuba nzima kwaye sithathe ixesha elide kune-bronchitis engapheliyo.
- Inyumonia: Ukuba sinebronchitis yalo naluphi na uhlobo, imiphunga kunokwenzeka ukuba yosuleleke kwaye ikhokelele kwinyumoniya. Inyumoniya lusulelo lwexesha elide olukwenza uzive ugula ngakumbi kune-bronchitis ebukhali.
- i-aspiration pneumonia: Ukukhohlela ngenxa yebronchitis kunokusenza sikuminxe kukutya ukuba siyakhohlela ngoxa sisitya. Oku kunokubangela ukuba ukutya esikutyayo kwehle ngombhobho ongalunganga, ukuya emiphungeni, endaweni yesisu. I-Aspiration pneumonia inokuba sisifo esiqhubekayo esichaphazela impilo yakho kwaye ithatha iinyanga ukuba ibuyele kuyo.
- Isifo sentliziyo: Ubunzima bokuphefumla ixesha elide ngenxa yebronchitis engapheliyo bunokubangela uxinzelelo olongezelelekileyo entliziyweni, okubangela isifo sentliziyo okanye ukusilela kwentliziyo.
Ukukhohlela kwi-bronchitis kunokuba kubi kakhulu ebusuku ngenxa yokuba iindlela zomoya zivame ukuba buthathaka kwaye zithande ukucaphuka xa izihlunu zomoya zikhululekile. Ebusuku (okanye nangaliphi na ixesha singqengqe) sinokuziva sixinana ngakumbi ngenxa yokuba i-mucus inokwakhelana kumzila ongasentla wokuphefumla.